How to Study the Bible

 

 

Dr. Stanford E. Murrell

 

 

 

Student’s Study Guide

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 1

 

Revelation

 

Divine Revelation

Everybody knows the Bible has been and continues to be the world’s bestseller, but not everybody knows just how this amazing book came down to us today. It could have happened this way. At some early ecumenical “Scripture session,” a group of prophets and priests got together in Jerusalem to write a religious best seller. A committee was soon formed which assigned the books, appointed the authors, and arranged for all other details. Upon completion, the publicity chairman commissioned the Palestinian Press to print up the first one million copies.

We said it could have happened that way. But of course it did not. God used three wonderful methods as he carefully carved out that most blessed of all books, the Bible. These three “tools of the Trinity” are referred to as revelation, inspiration, and illumination. Each of the tools were use beginning with revelation.

Sometime around 1400 BC God began to quietly call forty men and women into his presence. He did not call them in all at once. In fact it took Him nearly fifteen centuries to complete the job. God spoke the burden of His great heart in simple but sublime language to those chosen forty. With a holy hush they heard God tell of creation and corruption, of condemnation, justification, sanctification, and glorification. Weighty words, indeed. When God had finished, the first tool in carving out the Bible was set aside. Revelation had occurred.

With the first step completed the God began to carefully guide each of the chosen human vessels in his assigned writing task. Each of the forty was dealt with individually. Job, a rich farmer, wrote differently than Amos, a poor farmer. The words of the educated Paul were more complicated on occasion than those of the uneducated John or Peter. But in the end they all carried with them the divine approval of heaven itself. Finally, the last scribe laid down his pen. The angels watched as their Creator laid aside the second tool in the making of His manuscript. Inspiration has taken place.

Soon many thousands of men and women joined the ranks of those original forty and begin their assigned task of taking God’s story of grace and glory to the uttermost parts of the earth. As they did, untold multitudes were stopped in their tracks, convinced in their hearts and saved from their sins. The secret power that accomplished all of this is called illumination. Illumination continues to take place by the ministry of God the Holy. To summarize thus far, God used three tools to produce the Bible.

 

·       God used revelation, which refers to the way the Scriptures come to us from God. Man hears that which God wants written.

 

·       God used inspiration, which refers to the way man wrote down that which God wanted written.

 

·       God used illumination which refers to the way man receives the light of that which God has written so there is proper understanding concerning the divine will.

 

 

 

 

 

The Process of Receiving the Bible

With these three concepts in mind the process of how the Bible came into existence can be considered in detail. We know God spoke to man, but how did He speak? The answer is given in Hebrews 1:1-2. “God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,  2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds.”

The Bible informs us God spoke to the fathers and prophets in many ways. A careful examination of the Bible reveals at least seven different modes of communication.

 

First, God often spoke to men through angels.

·       Angels reassured Abraham of the birth of Isaac and later informed him of God’s decision to destroy Sodom (Gen. 18).

 

·       Angels warned Lot to flee Sodom before the awful destruction took place (Gen. 19).

 

·       The angel Gabriel explained to Daniel the nature of the judgement to come upon Israel (Dan. 9:21-27).

 

·       Gabriel informed Zacharias he would have a son who would become the forerunner of Christ (Luke 1:11-20).

 

·       Gabriel informed Mary that God had chosen her as His vessel for Christ’s birth (Luke 1:26-37).

 

·       Angels announced the birth of Christ to the shepherds (Luke 2:8-14).

 

·       An angel announced the resurrection of Christ to some women (Matt. 28:5-7).

 

·       An angel directed Philip to the seeking eunuch (Acts 8:26).

 

·       An angel directed Peter out of a Roman prison (Acts 12:7-10).

 

Second, as God spoke to men through angels so He spoke through a loud audible voice.

 

·       God spoke directly to Adam (Gen. 3:9-19).

 

·       God spoke directly to Noah (Gen. 6:13-21).

 

·       God spoke directly to Abraham (Gen. 12:1-3).

 

·       God spoke directly to Moses (Ex. 20:1-17).

 

·       God spoke directly to Joshua (Josh. 1:1-9).

 

·       God spoke directly to Samuel (1 Sam. 3:1-14).

 

·       God spoke directly to Nathan, about David (2 Sam. 7:4-16).

 

·       God spoke directly to Elijah (1 Kings 17:2-4).

 

·       God spoke directly to Jeremiah (Jer. 1:4, 5).

 

 

 

 

 

Third, God spoke to men through nature.

 

·       Psalms 19:1-3 The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. 2 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. 3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard.

           

Fourth, God once spoke to a man through the mouth of a donkey.

 

·       Numbers 22:28 And the LORD opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto Balaam, What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?

 

Fifth, God spoke to men through dreams. On a number of occasions God chose this method.

·       Jacob received the confirmation of the Abrahamic Covenant in a dream (Gen. 28:12).

 

·       Solomon received both wisdom and a warning in a dream (1 Kings 3:5; 9:2).

 

·       Joseph in the New Testament received three messages in three dreams to assure him of Mary’s purity (Matt. 1:20); to command him to flee to Egypt (Matt. 2:13); and to ordering him to return to Palestine (Matt. 2:19-22).

 

·        The wise men were warned of Herod’s evil intentions in a dream (Matt. 2:12).

 

 

 

 

Sixth, God spoke to men through visions. Unger’s Bible Dictionary defines a vision as, “A supernatural presentation of certain scenery or circumstances to the mind of a person while awake.” It may be noted that many great truths in the Scriptures were related to men through this unique method.

·       Jacob was instructed in a vision to go to Egypt (Gen. 46:2).

 

·       David was warned of judgment in a vision (1 Chron. 21:16).

 

·       Isaiah saw God’s holiness in a vision (Isa. 6:1-8).

 

·       Daniel saw the great Gentile powers rise and fall in a vision (Dan. 7, 8).

 

·       Daniel saw the glories of Christ in a vision (Dan. 10:5-9).

 

·       Daniel saw the rise and fall of Alexander the Great in a vision (Dan. 8).

 

·       Ezekiel saw the re-gathering of Israel in a vision (Ezek. 37).

 

·       Ananias was ordered to minister to Saul in a vision (Acts 9:10).

 

·       Cornelius was instructed to send for Peter in a vision (Acts 10:3-6).

 

·       Peter was ordered to minister to Cornelius in a vision (Acts 10:10-16).

 

·       Paul was ordered to Macedonia in a vision (Acts 16:9).

 

·       Paul was comforted at Corinth in a vision (Acts 19:9).

 

·       Paul was comforted at Jerusalem in a vision (Acts 23:11).

 

·       Paul viewed the glories of the third heaven in a vision (2 Cor. 12:1-4).

 

·       The Apostle John received the book of Revelation in a vision.

 

Seventh, God spoke to men through Christophanies. A Christophany is a pre-Bethlehem appearance of Christ. Some theologians have seen a number of these appearances in the Old Testament, believing that the term “the Angel of the Lord,” is actually another name of Christ. If this is true, the following examples of Christophany communication could be submitted.

 

·       The Angel of the Lord wrestled with Jacob (Gen. 32:24-30).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord redeemed Jacob from all evil (Gen. 48:16).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord spoke to Moses from the burning bush (Ex. 3:2).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord protected Israel at the Red Sea (Ex. 14:19).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord prepared Israel for the Promised Land (Ex. 23:20-23; Ps. 34:7; Isa. 63:9; 1 Cor. 10:1-4).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord commissioned Gideon (Judge 6:11).

·       The Angel of the Lord ministered to Elijah (1 Kings 19:7).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord reassured Joshua (Josh. 5:13-15).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord saved Jerusalem (Isa. 37:36).

 

·       The Angel of the Lord preserved three Godly Hebrew men (Dan. 3:25).

 

In summary it is the belief of the Church that God has spoken to men. He communicated His revelation to at least forty human authors over a period of 1,500 years in three languages (Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek) and on three continents (Africa, Europe and Asia). God has spoken to men through 

 

v    Angels

v    direct verbal communication

v    Nature

v    Animals

v    Dreams

v    Visions and

v    Christophanies.

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 1

 

1.     List the three tools of the Trinity in bringing the Bible into existence.

 

Answer.

 

2.     Define revelation.

 

Answer.

 

3.     Define inspiration.

 

Answer. 

 

4.     Define illumination.

 

Answer.

 

5.     List four of the seven modes of communication by God to man.

 

Answer.

  •  
  •  
  •  
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  •  
  •  
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6.     In which century did God begin the process of having individuals write His Word?

 

Answer.

 

7.     List the three languages God used to write His Word.

 

Answer.

 

8.     About how many authors did God use to write His Word?

 

Answer.

 

9.     About how long did it take for the Bible to be written?

 

Answer.

 

10.   Does anyone have an angel story to share?

 

~*~

 

Scripture References

 

Chapter 1

 

·       Hebrews 2:1-2

·       Genesis 18

·       Genesis 19

·       Daniel 9:21-27

·       Luke 1:11-20

·       Luke 1:26-37

·       Luke 2:8-14

·       Matthew 28:5-7

·       Acts 8:26

·       Acts 12:7-10

·       Genesis 3:9-19

·       Genesis 6:13-21

·       Genesis 12:1-3

·       Exodus 20:17

·       Joshua 1:1-9

·       1 Samuel 3:1-14

·       2 Samuel 7:4-16

·       1 Kings 17:2-4

·       Jeremiah 1:4,5

·       Psalm 19:1-3

·       Number 22:28

·       Genesis 28:12

·       1 Kings 3:5

·       1 Kings 9:2

·       Matthew 1:20

·       Matthew 2:13

·       Matthew 2:19-22

·       Matthew 2:12

·       Genesis 46:2

·       1 Chronicles 21:16

·       Isaiah 6:1-8

·       Daniel 7,8

·       Daniel 10:5-9

·       Daniel 8

·       Ezekiel 37

·       Acts 9:10

·       Acs 10:3-6

·       Acts 10:10-16

·       Acts 16:9

·       Acts 19:9

·       Acts 23:11

·       2 Corinthians 12:1-4

·       Genesis 32:24-30

·       Genesis 48:16

·       Exodus 3:2

·       Exodus 14:19

·       Exodus 23:20-23

·       Psalm 34:7

·       Isaiah 63:9

·       1 Corinthians 10:1-4

·       Judges 6:11

·       1 Kings 19:7

·       Joshua 5:13-15

·       Isaiah 37:36

·       Daniel 3:25

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How the Bible Came into Being

Chapter 2

Divine Inspiration

Having discussed various possibilities and ways God may have employed in the giving of His revelation to the human authors attention can be turned to consideration of the next major step, that of inspiration. The ears have heard the message, but how will the fingers react? What is involved in transferring the voice of God into the vocabulary of man? Five areas can be examined along this particular line. But before we do this, let us define the word itself.

The term “inspiration” is found but once in the New Testament. This occurs in 2 Timothy 3:16. Here Paul says, “All scripture is given by inspiration of God…” The Greek word is theopneustos, and literally means, “God-breathed.” As might be expected not everyone would agree as to how inspiration should be explained. Various theories of inspiration have been offered.

The Natural Theory. This theory argues that the Bible writers were inspired in the same sense that William Shakespeare was inspired. In other words, that spark of divine inspiration that supposedly is in all men simply burned a little brighter in the hearts of the Bible writers.

This theory of inspiration is totally rejected by the Apostle Paul in 2 Timothy 3:16 which says that “All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness.”

Peter wrote, “Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation” (2 Pet. 1:20).  Whatever creative genius God may grant to some to paint, preach, build or write, that talent is different from the special movement of God to record His thoughts.

 

The Mechanical Theory. This theory contends that God coldly and in a wood like manner dictated the Bible to His writers as an office manager would dictate an impersonal letter to his secretary. But that cannot be the case. The Bible is the story of divine love, and God is anything but mechanical or cold concerning this subject. The Holy Spirit did not violate the limits of the writer’s vocabulary. This fact is reflected in the fact that the educated Paul uses many specialized Greek words, while the less educated John employs more common language. But God equally inspired both writings for “All Scripture is God-breathed” (2 Tim. 3:16.). The Presbyterian theologian Dr. Charles Hodge has a good comment on this topic.

“The Church has never held what has been stigmatized as the mechanical theory of inspiration. The sacred writers were not machines. Their self-consciousness was not suspended; nor were their intellectual powers superseded. Holy men spoke as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. It was men not machines; not unconscious instruments, but living, thinking, willing minds, whom the Spirit used as His organs…The sacred writers impressed their peculiarities on their several productions as plainly as though they were the subjects of no extraordinary influence.” (Systematic Theology, Vol. I, p. 157).

The Content or Concept Theory. This theory maintains that only the main thought of a paragraph or chapter is inspired. This theory is immediately refuted by many biblical passages beginning with Matthew 5:18. “For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.”

Then there is 2 Samuel 23:1,2, which says, “Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel said, The Spirit of the Lord spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.”

One reason for embracing the content or concept theory is a fear that the Bible might be proven to be in error on certain facts regarding geography, history or science. But there is no need to worry about that. The Bible has never been proven to be in error on any given point of substance.

 

The Partial Theory—that only certain parts of the Bible are inspired. This of course is the position of the liberal theologian who would cheerfully accept those portions of the Bible which deal with love and brotherhood, but quickly reject the passages dealing with sin, righteousness, and future judgment. But let it be said that heaven and hell are like up and down—you can not have one without the other. Paul refutes the partial theory in 2 Timothy 3:16.

In his textbook, A Dispensational Theology, Dr. Charles F. Baker writes: “A certain bishop is purported to have said that he believed the Bible to have been inspired in spots. When asked for his authority for such a statement, he quoted Hebrews 1:1, stating that this meant that God spoke at various times in varying degrees. Thus, some spots were fully inspired, others were only partially inspired, and still others were not inspired at all. The bishop was embarrassed when a layman asked: ‘How do you know that Hebrews 1:1, the one Scripture upon which you base your argument, is one of those fully inspired spots?’” (p. 38). The whole Bible loses the confidence of the reader if only select spots were inspired.

 

The Spiritual-Rule-Only Theory. This says the Bible may be regarded as our infallible rule of faith and practice in all matters of religious, ethical, and spiritual value, but not in other matters such as historical and scientific statements. This is pious nonsense. Consider the following: Here is a pastor greatly beloved by his congregation. How would this man of God feel if only his “moral” and “spiritual” statements made in the pulpit were accepted by his members? How would he react when the members would smile and take lightly any scientific or historical statements he might make? The fallacy of the spiritual-rule-only theory is that any book or man whose scientific or historical statements are open to question can certainly not be trusted in matters of moral and spiritual pronouncements! This theory is soundly refuted by Jesus himself in John 3:12. “If I have told you earthly things, and ye believe not, how shall ye believe, if I tell you of heavenly things?”

 

The Plenary-Verbal Theory. This theory insists that that all (plenary) the very words (verbal) of the Bible are inspired by God. This view alone must be the correct one for the Christian Church to embrace.  There are many Scriptural reasons to do so.

 

·       Matthew 4:4. “But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.”

 

·       2 Timothy 3:16,17. “All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.”

 

 

 

 

·       John 17:8. “For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee and they have believed that thou didst send me.”

 

·       John 6:63. “It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life.”

 

Concerning the issue of inspiration the Scriptures are not silent on the topic. The Bible strongly claims its writings are from God. Compiling a few choice texts, we discover the following.

 

·       The prophet thought up no Old Testament Scripture himself. 2 Peter 1:20 Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation.

 

·       The Holy Spirit gave all Old Testament Scriptures as he moved upon men. 2 Peter 1:21 For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.

 

·       This Spirit-breathed inspiration was given in many ways. Hebrews 1:1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets.

 

·       Once it was given, this inspired writing could not be broken or shaken down (John 10:35), is exact in all details, down to the smallest stroke and letter (Matt. 5:18), and would abide forever (1 Pet. 1:25).

 

·       John 10:35 If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken.

 

·       Matthew 5:18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

 

·       1 Peter 1:25 But the word of the Lord endureth forever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you.

 

The Old Testament writers did not always understand the nature of everything they wrote about (Luke 10:23, 24; 1 Pet. 1:10-12). They did not completely understand the details of Christ’s suffering. They did understand that the mysteries would be clearer to a generation other than theirs.

Luke 10:23 And he turned him unto his disciples, and said privately, Blessed are the eyes which see the things that ye see: 24 For I tell you, that many prophets and kings have desired to see those things which ye see, and have not seen them; and to hear those things which ye hear, and have not heard them.

 

·       1 Peter 1:10-12 Of which salvation the prophets have inquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you: 11 Searching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which was in them did signify, minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them that have preached the gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into. When it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow. 12 Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they did,

 

·       The four Gospels were given by inspiration of God. Hebrews 1:1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets. 2 Peter 3:2 That ye may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us the apostles of the Lord and Saviour:

 

·       Paul believed God inspired his writings. 1 Corinthians 2:4 And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power:  1 Corinthians 15:3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe. 1 Thessalonians 4:15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.

 

·       Paul used the Holy Spirit’s words to explain the Holy Spirit’s facts. 1 Corinthians 2:13 Which things also we speak, not in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth; comparing spiritual things with spiritual.

 

·       Paul’s writings were received through a special revelation from Christ. Galatians 1:11-12 But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man. 12 For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.

 

·       Paul’s writings were to be read by all. Colossians 4:6 Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man.  1 Thessalonians 5:27 I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren.

 

·       Peter believed God inspired his writings. 2 Peter 3:2 That ye may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us the apostles of the Lord and Saviour.

 

·       Peter believed Paul’s writings were inspired. 2 Peter 3:15-16 And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath written unto you; 16 As also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction.

 

·       John believed his writings were inspired. John warned that if anyone added to his words, God would add horrible plagues to him and that if anyone subtracted from his words, God would remove his name from the Holy City. Revelation 22:18-19 For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: 19 And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.

 

What are the implications of inspiration?

 

As one carefully considers the subject of inspiration the following nine conclusions can be noted.

 

·       First, plenary-verbal inspiration does not teach that all parts of the Bible are equally important, but only those they are equally inspired. For example, Judges 3:16 is obviously not as important as John 3:16, but both these verses were inspired by God.  “But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges, of a cubit length; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh” (Judg. 3:16). “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life” (John 3:16).

 

·       Second, plenary-verbal inspiration does not guarantee the inspiration of any modern or ancient translation of the Bible, but deals only with the original Hebrew and Greek languages.

 

·       Third, plenary-verbal inspiration does not allow for any false teaching, but it does on occasion record the lie of someone. For example, Satan distorts the truth and lies to Eve (Gen. 3:4). Therefore we have an accurate record of the devil’s words. As one reads the Bible, he must carefully distinguish between what God records and what he sanctions. Thus, while lying, murder, adultery, and polygamy are to be found in the Word of God, the God of the Word never approves them.

 

·       Fourth, plenary-verbal inspiration does not permit any historical, scientific, or prophetical error whatsoever. While it is admitted that the Bible is not a textbook on science, it is nevertheless held that every scientific statement in the Scriptures is absolutely true. 

 

·       Fifth, plenary-verbal inspiration does not prohibit personal research. The New Testament writer Luke begins his Gospel account with the following words: “Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile an account of the things accomplished among us, just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the Word have handed them down to us, it seemed fitting for me as well, having investigated everything carefully from the beginning, to write it out…” (Luke 1:1-3, nasb).

 

·       Sixth, plenary-verbal inspiration does not deny the use of extra-biblical sources. Here several examples come to mind.

 

q      On at least two occasions, Paul quotes from heathen authors. Acts 17:28 For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.  Titus 1:12 One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The Cretians are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies. 

q      Jude quotes from an ancient Hebrew book, one not included in the Bible. Jude 14-15 And Enoch also, the seventh from Adam, prophesied of these, saying, Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his saints, 15 To execute judgment upon all, and to convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have ungodly committed, and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.

 

·       Seventh, plenary-verbal inspiration does not overwhelm the personality of the human author. The Bible writers experienced no coma-like trances as do some mediums during a séance, but on the contrary, always retained their physical, mental, and emotional powers. Various passages testify to this.

 

Isaiah 6:1-11 In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the  temple. 2 Above it stood the seraphims: each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with twain he did fly. 3 And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory. 4 And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. 5 Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts. 6 Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: 7 And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. 8 Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me. 9 And he said, Go, and tell this people, Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not. 10 Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed. 11 Then said I, Lord, how long? And he answered, Until the cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and the land be utterly desolate (cf. Daniel 12).

 

·       Eighth, plenary-verbal inspiration does not exclude the usage of pictorial and symbolic language. This is to say the Holy Spirit does not demand we accept every word in the Bible in a wooden and legalistic way. For example, a case could not be made that God has feathers like a bird, by referring to Psalm 91:4. Here the thought is simply that the persecuted believer can flee to his heavenly Father for protection and warmth.

 

·       Ninth, plenary-verbal inspiration does not mean uniformity in all details given in describing the same event. Here an Old Testament and a New Testament example come to mind.

 

·       Old Testament example: The wicked reign of King Manasseh is vividly described for us in two separate chapters. These are 2 Kings 21:1-18 and 2 Chronicles 33:1-20. In 2 Kings we read only of his sinful ways, but in 2 Chronicles we are told of his eventual prayers of forgiveness and subsequent salvation.

      The reason for this may be that God allowed the author of 2 Kings to describe the reign of Manasseh from an earthly standpoint (even though he inspired the pen of the author), while he guided the pen of the author of 2 Chronicles to record Manasseh’s reign from a heavenly viewpoint. God alone, of course, knows true repentance when he sees it coming from the human heart.

 

·       New Testament example: There are four different accounts concerning the superscription on the cross at Calvary.

 

Matthew says, “This is Jesus the King of the Jews” (Mt. 27:37).

 

Mark says, “The King of the Jews” (Mark 15:26).

 

Luke says,    “This is the King of the Jews” (Luke 23:38).

 

John says,    “Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews” (John 19:19).

 

The entire title probably read, “This is Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.”

 

·       Plenary-verbal inspiration assures us that God included all the necessary things he wanted us to know, and excluded everything else (2 Tim. 3:15-17).

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the Importance

of inspiration?

 

      Of the three tools involved in the making of our Bible, inspiration is the most important. This is true because of the following.

 

·       It is possible to have inspiration without revelation. We have already seen how Luke carefully checked out certain facts concerning the life of Christ and was then led to write them on paper.

 

Luke 1:1-4 Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, 2 Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; 3 It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, 4 That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

 

1 John 1:1-4 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled, of the Word of life; 2 (For the life was manifested, and we have seen it, and bear witness, and shew unto you that eternal life, which was with the Father, and was manifested unto us;) 3 That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ. 4 And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full.

 

 

 

·       It is possible to have inspiration without illumination. Peter tells us the Old Testament prophets did not always understand everything they wrote about (1 Pet. 1:11). But without inspiration, the Bible falls.

 

Is Inspiration Still Going on Today?

     

Has God inspired the writing (or will he someday) of a sixty-seventh book of the Bible? For nearly twenty centuries now, evangelical Christians everywhere have held to the belief that when John the apostle wrote Revelation 22:21 and wiped his pen, inspiration stopped. Furthermore, it is generally believed his warning not to add to or subtract from his book included not only the book of Revelation, but also the entire Bible. (See Rev. 22:18, 19.) It is of utmost importance that this is clearly understood, else the following tragic conclusions take place. If inspiration is still going on today, then one is forced to admit the following.

 

·         God could have inspired the wicked writings of cult leaders (such as a Joseph Smith, or a Mary Baker Eddy, or a Charles Russell, or a Herbert W. Armstrong).

 

·         Perhaps the Church still does not possess all the details concerning the plan of salvation, details vital to escape hell and enter heaven.

 

·         God has allowed millions of devoted and faithful Christians to believe a horrible lie for some 2000 years.

 

~*~

 

 

Quiz

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 2

 

Divine Inspiration

 

1.     How many times is the term inspiration used in the New Testament?

 

Answer.

 

2.     Explain the Natural Theory of inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

3.     Explain the Mechanical Theory of inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

4.     Explain the Content or Concept Theory of inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

5.     Explain the Partial Theory of Inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

6.     Explain the Spiritual-Rule-Only Theory of inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

7.     The Plenary-Verbal Theory of inspiration.

 

Answer.

 

8.     True or false. The Bible strongly claims its writings are from God?

 

Answer.

 

9.     Did Paul believe his writings were inspired?

 

Answer.

 

10.   Did Peter believe Paul’s writings were inspired?

 

Answer.

 

11.  Did Peter believe his own writings were inspired?

 

Answer.

 

12.   True or false. 

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory teaches that all parts of the Bible are equally important.

 

Answer. False. They are inspired.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory guarantees the inspiration of every modern and ancient translation of the Bible.

 

Answer.

 

 

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory allows for false teaching.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory permits historical, scientific, and prophetical error.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory does not prohibit personal research.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory denies the use of extra-biblical sources.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory does not overwhelm the personality of the human author.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory excludes the usage of pictorial and symbolic language.

 

Answer.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory demands uniformity in all details given in describing the same event.

 

Answer.

 

·       Plenary-verbal inspiration assures us that God included all the necessary things he wanted us to know, and excluded everything else.

 

Answer.

 

13.  Is inspiration important in Christian theology?

 

Answer.

 

14.   Is inspiration still going on today?

 

Answer.

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Student Handout

 

Chapter 2

Divine Inspiration

 

1.     How many times is the term inspiration used in the New Testament?

 

2.     Explain the Natural Theory of inspiration.

 

3.     Explain the Mechanical Theory of inspiration.

 

4.     Explain the Content or Concept Theory of inspiration.

 

5.     Explain the Partial Theory of Inspiration.

 

6.     Explain the Spiritual-Rule-Only Theory of inspiration.

 

7.     The Plenary-Verbal Theory of inspiration.

 

8.     True or false. The Bible strongly claims its writings are from God?

 

9.     Did Paul believe his writings were inspired?

 

10.   Did Peter believe Paul’s writings were inspired?

 

11.  Did Peter believe his own writings were inspired?

 

12.   True or false. 

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory teaches that all parts of the Bible are equally important.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory guarantees the inspiration of every modern and ancient translation of the Bible.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory allows for false teaching.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory permits historical, scientific, and prophetical error.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory does not prohibit personal research.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory denies the use of extra-biblical sources.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory does not overwhelm the personality of the human author.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory excludes the usage of pictorial and symbolic language.

 

·       The Plenary-Verbal Inspiration Theory demands uniformity in all details given in describing the same event.

 

·       Plenary-verbal inspiration assures us that God included all the necessary things he wanted us to know, and excluded everything else.

 

13.  Is inspiration important in Christian theology?

 

14.   Is inspiration still going on today?

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 3

 

Divine Illumination

     

Having argued that without inspiration no Scripture ever would have been written it can now be argued that without illumination, no sinner ever would ever be saved! Illumination is that method used by the Holy Spirit to shed divine light upon all seeking soul as they look into the Word of God. Illumination is from the written word to the human heart. Why is this third step of divine illumination necessary? Why cannot sinful man simply read and heed the biblical message without divine aid?

 

·       Divine illumination is necessary because of natural blindness. Paul writes, “But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned” (1 Cor. 2:14).

 

Our Lord also commented on this during his earthly ministry: “And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-jona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven” (Mt. 16:16, 17).

 

·       It is necessary because of satanic blindness. Again we note the sober words of Paul: “But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost: In whom the God of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not…” (2 Cor. 4:3, 4).

 

·       It is necessary because of carnal blindness. Hebrews 5:12-14 For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. 13 For every one that useth milk is unskillful in the word of righteousness: for he is a babe. 14 But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

 

What are the practical results of illumination?

 

·       Sinners are saved. Psalm 146:8 “The Lord openeth the eyes of the blind…” Psalm 119:130 “The entrance of thy words giveth light…”

 

·       Christians are strengthened. 1 Peter 2:2 “As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby.” 1 Corinthians 2:10 “But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit…”  2 Corinthians 4:6 “For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of knowledge…” Palm 119:105 “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.”

 

The implications of illumination are practical.

 

·       Because the mind of the natural man is darkened and blinded the Holy Spirit must first shine truth upon the heart. 

 

 

·       Because the mind of the converted man is sluggish he must pray and seek for spiritual understanding. Illumination is not automatic. God has never promised to reveal precious and profound biblical truths to any believer who will not search the Scriptures for himself. Note the following admonitions. Matthew 4:4 “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.” John 20:31 “But these are written that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God…” Acts 17:11 “These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily...” 2 Timothy 2:15 “Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.” 1 Peter 2:2 “As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye might grow thereby.”

 

The Holy Spirit often seeks out the aid of a believer in performing his task of illuminating the hearts of others.

 

·       The Holy Spirit used Philip to speak to the Ethiopian eunuch. Acts 8:30,31,35 “And Philip ran hither to him, and heard him read the prophet Esaias, and said, Understandest thou what thou readest? And he said, How can I, except some man should guide me…Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached unto him Jesus.”

 

 

 

 

 

·       The Holy Spirit used Paul to minister to the Jews at Thessalonica. Acts 17:2 “And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three Sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures.”

 

·       Paul used Aquila and Priscilla to minister to Apollos. Acts 18:26           “And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly.”

 

·       The Holy Spirit used Apollos to minister to the Jews at Corinth. Acts 18:28 “For he mightily convinced the Jews, and that publicly, shewing by the scriptures that Jesus was Christ.”

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz

 

How the Bible Came into Being

Chapter 3

 

Illumination

 

1.     List three reasons why divine illumination is necessary.

 

Answer.

 

·        

·        

·        

 

 

2.     List two practical results of illumination.

 

Answer.

·        

·        

 

3.     Why must the Holy Spirit first shine truth upon the heart?

 

Answer.

 

4.     Is illumination automatic or something that is certain to happen?

 

Answer.

 

5.     What does the Holy Spirit use in performing the task of illumination?

 

Answer.

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 4

 

Different Views of the Bible

 

The View of Israel

In spite of her sin and sorrows, Old Testament Israel held steadfast in the belief that her thirty-nine holy books were indeed the very Word of God. Even though one of her kings would attempt to burn it (Jer. 36), the nation as a whole would continue to believe it. The following words of Moses beautifully summarize Israel’s position concerning the Word of God: “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates” (Deut. 6:4-9).

 

The View of the Early Church

      During the third, fourth, and fifth centuries the church held no less than 184 councils, not to deal with civil rights, ecology problems, or political ills, but to deal with any and all heresy that would dare tamper with the pure Word of God.

 

The View of Agnosticism

      In the book, A Guide to the Religions of America, Dr. Bertrand Russell makes the following statement: “An agnostic regards the Bible exactly as enlightened clerics regard it. He does not think that it is divinely inspired; he thinks its early history legendary, and no more exactly true than that in Homer; he thinks its moral teaching sometimes good, but sometimes very bad. For example: Samuel ordered Saul, in a war, to kill not only every man, woman, and child of the enemy, but also all the sheep and cattle. Saul, however, let the sheep and cattle live, and for this we are told to condemn him. I have never been able to admire Elisha for cursing the children who laughed at him, or to believe (what the Bible asserts) that a benevolent Deity would send two she-bears to kill the children.”

 

The View of Liberalism

Probably the most famous liberal of the twentieth century was the late Harry Emerson Fosdick. He has written the following words which typify the liberal attitude: “When one moves back to the Scriptures with a mind accustomed to work in modern ways he finds himself in a strange world.…Knowing modern astronomy he turns to the Bible to find the sun and the moon standing still on the shadow retreating on a sundial. Knowing modern biology he hears that when Elisha had been so long dead that only his bones were left, another dead body, thrown into the cave where he was buried, touched his skeleton and sprang to life again, or that after our Lord’s resurrection many of the saints long deceased arose and appeared in Jerusalem. Knowing modern physics he turns to the Bible to read that light was created three days before the sun and that an axe-head floated when Elisha threw a stick into the water. Knowing modern medicine he finds in the Scripture many familiar ailments, epilepsy, deafness, dumbness, blindness, insanity, ascribed to the visitation of demons…We live in a new world. We have not kept the forms of thought and categories of explanation in astronomy, geology, biology, which the Bible contains. We have definitely and irrevocably gotten new ones…”

 

The View of the Cults

In general it may be said that the major cults and sects of Christianity give lip service to the Bible; nevertheless they look upon the writings of their various founders as equal if not superior to the Scriptures. For example, the Christian Scientist was founded by Mary Baker Eddy; 1821-1910). George Channing, an international Christian Science lecturer and practitioner, writes the following. “Each person, of any religion, can find what is satisfying to him as the spiritual meaning in the Bible. But Christian Scientists feel that Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy’s Book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, offers the complete spiritual meaning of the Bible. They believe that this full meaning would not have been available to them without Mrs. Eddy’s discovery.”

The Jehovah’s Witnesses was founded by Charles Taze Russell; 1851-1916. Mr. Russell calmly announces in the opening pages of his Studies in the Scriptures that it would be far better to leave the Bible unread but read his comments on it than to omit his writings and read the Bible.

Mormonism was founded by Joseph Smith; 1805-1844. This cult teaches that the Book of Mormon, first printed in 1830, must be regarded on an equal basis with the Bible.

 

The View of the Roman Catholic Church 

Rome believes that the church is the divinely appointed custodian of the Bible and has the final word on what is meant in any specific passage. It accepts the apocryphal books as a part of the inspired Scriptures. Rome’s position on the Bible could be diagrammed as a triangle, with the Pope at the top, and the Bible and church tradition at the bottom.

 

The View of Mysticism

Those holding this view lean heavily upon that divine “inner light” to reveal and guide them into all truth. Thus the personal experiences, feelings, etc., of an individual are looked upon as vital to discovering divine truth along with the Word of God itself.

 

The Position of Neo-Orthodoxy

Neo-orthodoxy is a view made popular by the German theologian Karl Barth in his Epistle to the Romans first published in 1918. This position holds that the Bible may well contain the Word of God, but that, until it becomes such, it is as dead and uninspired as any other ancient or modern historical book might be. Thus the Bible is not to be viewed as objective, but subjective in nature. It is only the Word of God as it becomes the Word of God to an individual.

Neo-orthodoxy would thus view the first eleven chapters as “religious myths.” This term is defined as a “conveyer of theological truth in a historical garb, but which theological truth is not dependent upon the historicity of the garb itself for its validity.”

 

The View of Neo-Evangelicalism

In the latter part of 1957, one of the leaders of this position wrote the following: “The New Evangelicalism in the latest dress of orthodoxy or Neo-orthodoxy is the latest expression of theological liberalism. The New Evangelicalism differs from Fundamentalism in its willingness to handle the social problems which Fundamentalism evaded. There need be no dichotomy between the personal gospel and the social gospel…The New Evangelicalism has changed its strategy from one of separation to one of infiltration…The evangelical believes that Christianity is intellectually defensible but the Christian cannot be obscurantist in scientific questions pertaining to the Creation, the age of man, the Universality of the flood and other moot biblical questions.”

 

The Position of Orthodoxy

This view holds that the Bible alone is the illuminated, inspired revelation of God and is therefore the sole ground of authority for believers. Orthodoxy claims the Bible is objective in nature and proclaims not a social gospel, but a sinner gospel. According to this view, whenever there is a clear contradiction between the Bible and any assumed “fact” of history or science, it is that “fact” which must give way to the Bible, and not the reverse. This was the view of the Old Testament writers concerning the Old Testament.

 

·       Moses. Exodus 4:10-12 And Moses said unto the LORD, O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken unto thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue. 11 And the LORD said unto him, Who hath made man's mouth? Or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? Have not I the LORD? 12 Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say.

 

·       Samuel. 1 Samuel 8:10 And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that asked of him a king.

 

·       Joshua. Joshua 23:14 And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which the LORD your God spake concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath failed thereof.

 

·       David. 2 Samuel 23:2-3 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. 3 The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.

 

·       Isaiah. Isaiah 1:10 Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. Etc (Jer. 1:6-9; Ezek. 3:10-12; Dan. 10:9-12; Joel 1:1; Amos 3:1; Obad. 1:1; Jonah 1:1; Micah 1:1; Nahum 1:1; Hab. 2:2; Zeph. 1:1; Hag. 1:1; Zech. 1:1; Mal. 1:1).

 

      It should be remembered that the Old Testament refers to itself as the Word of God some 3,808 times, which is why the New Testament writers were convinced the Old Testament was of divine origin. The New Testament writers refer to at least 161 Old Testament events and quote from over 246 Old Testament passages. Some of these events and passages are as follows:

 

·       Creation (Gen. 1:1; Heb. 11:3)

·       Man made in God’s image (Gen. 1:26; 1 Cor. 11:7)

·       God resting (Gen. 2:2, 3; Heb. 4:4)

·       The institution of marriage (Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4-6)

·       The fall (Gen. 3:6-8; Rom. 5:12-19)

·       the murder of Abel (Gen. 4:8; 1 Jn. 3:12)

·       Enoch’s translation (Gen. 5:21-24; Heb. 11:5)

 

·       The ark of Noah (Gen. 6:14-16; 7:1-12; Luke 17:26, 27; 2 Pet. 3:6)

 

·       The call of Abraham (Gen. 12:1; Heb. 11:8)

 

·       The meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek (Gen. 14:18-20; Heb. 7:1-4)

 

·       The destruction of Sodom (Gen. 19; Matt. 11:24; Luke 17:32)

 

·       Isaac’s birth (Gen. 19:20; Gal. 4:23)

 

·       The offering up of Isaac (Gen. 22:10; Heb. 11:17-19)

 

·       The burning bush (Ex. 3:2; Luke 20:37; Acts 7:30)

 

·       The Exodus (Ex. 12-14; Acts 7:36; Heb. 11:29; 1 Cor. 10:1)

 

·       The giving of manna (Ex. 16:15; John 6:31)

 

·       The giving of the law (Ex. 20; Gal. 3:19)

 

·       The serpent of brass (Num. 21:8, 9; John 3:14)

 

·       Elijah and the drought (1 Kings 17; Luke 4:25; Jas. 5:17)

 

·       The healing of Naaman (2 Kings 5:14; Luke 4:27)

·       Daniel in the lion’s den (Dan. 6:22; Heb. 11:33)

 

·       Jonah in the belly of the fish (Jonah 1:17; Matt. 12:40; 16:4)

 

Some of the Old Testament passages referred to in the New Testament are as follows.

 

·       Be ye holy, for I am holy (Lev. 11:44; 1 Pet. 1:16).

 

·       I will never leave thee nor forsake thee (Josh. 1:5; Heb. 13:5).

 

·       Be ye angry and sin not (Ps. 4:4; Eph. 4:26).

 

·       There is none righteous, no not one (Ps. 14:1; Rom. 3:10).

 

·       Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth (Prov. 3:12; Heb. 12:6).

 

·       God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes (Isa. 25:8; Rev. 21:4).

 

·       Death is swallowed up in victory (Hosea 13:14; 1 Cor. 15:54).

 

·       I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh (Joel 2:28; Acts 2:17).

 

·       Whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved (Joel 2:32; Rom. 10:13).

·       The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof (Ps. 24:1; 1 Cor. 10:26).

·       My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord (Prov. 3:11; Heb. 12:5).

 

·       Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord (Ps. 118:26; Matt. 21:9).

 

·       Charity covereth a multitude of sins (Prov. 10:12; 1 Pet. 4:8).

 

·       How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel (Isa. 52:7; Rom. 10:15).

 

This was the view of the New Testament writers concerning the New Testament.

 

·       Peter’s testimony (2 Pet. 3:2).

 

·       Paul’s testimony (1 Cor. 2:4, 13; 15:3; 1 Thess. 2:13; 4:15).

 

·       John’s testimony (Rev. 22:18, 19).

 

·       James’ testimony (Jas. 1:21; 4:5).

 

·       Jude’s testimony (Jude 3).

 

Certainly the Lord Jesus Christ believed the Old Testament was the Word of God. 

 

·       Our Lord began his ministry by quoting from the Old Testament. Compare Matthew 4:4, 7, 10 with Deuteronomy 8:3; 6:13, 16.

 

·       Our Lord ended his ministry by quoting from the Old Testament. Five of his last seven statements on the cross were lifted from the pages of the Old Testament. Compare:

 

q      Luke 23:34 with Isaiah 53:12

 

q      Luke 23:43 with Isaiah 53:10, 11

 

q      Matthew 27: 46 with Psalms 22:1

 

q      John 19: 28 with Psalms 69:21

 

q      Luke 23: 46 with Psalms 31:5

      

·       Our Lord preached one of his first public messages from an Old Testament text. Luke 4:16-19 And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read. 17 And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written, 18 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, 19 To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.  Isaiah 61:1-2 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; 2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn.

 

·       Our Lord informed the Pharisees they erred, “not knowing the scriptures.”  Matthew 22:29 Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.

 

·       Our Lord justified his own actions by referring to the Old Testament:

 

q      When he ate on the Sabbath (Matt. 12:1-8).

 

q      When he healed on the Sabbath (Matt. 12:10-21).

 

q      When he cleansed the Temple (Matt. 21:13).

 

q      When he accepted the praise of the crowds at his triumphal entry (Matt. 21:16).

 

·       Our Lord believed in the history of the Old Testament. He referred to—

 

q      Creation (Mark 10:6).

q      Noah’s ark (Matt. 24:38).

q      Lot’s wife (Luke 17:32).

q      Destruction of Sodom (Luke 17:29).

q      Jonah and the fish (Matt. 12:40).

q      The Queen of Sheba and Solomon (Matt. 12:42).

q      The repentance of Nineveh (Matt. 12:41).

q      Naaman the leper (Luke 4:27).     

q      Elijah and the widow (Luke 4:25, 26).

q      Moses and the serpent (John 3:14).

q      The first marriage (Matt. 19:5-7).

q      The blood of Abel (Luke 11:51).

q      Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Matt. 22:31, 32).

q      The burning bush (Luke 20:37).

q      The wilderness manna (John 6:31).

q      The murder of Zacharias (Matt. 23:35).

 

      Our Lord said the law would be fulfilled (Matt. 5:18) and the Scriptures could not be broken (John 10:35). In concluding this section it may be said that every single Old Testament book is either directly or indirectly referred to in the New Testament (with the possible exception of the Song of Solomon). About half the great sermons in the book of Acts are composed of verses taken from the Old Testament. Peter’s twenty-three-verse sermon at Pentecost takes twelve of these verses from the Old Testament (Acts 2:14-36). Stephen’s forty-eight-verse message is completely Old Testament in nature (Acts 7:2-50). Paul’s first recorded sermon occurring in Acts 13:16-41 is twenty-six verses long and, of these, fifteen are from the Old Testament.

 

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quiz

 

How the Bible Came into Being

 

Chapter 4

 

Different Views of the Bible

 

1.      What view did Israel hold concerning the thirty-nine books of the Old Testament?

 

Answer.

 

2.      Why did the early church hold councils?

 

Answer.

 

3.      What is the view of agnosticism in regards to the Bible?

 

Answer.

 

4.      What view does the liberal theologian have with respect to the Bible?

 

Answer.

 

5.      Describe the view of the cults towards the Bible.

 

Answer.

 

6.       How does the church of Rome treat the Scriptures?

 

Answer.

 

7.      Describe the view of Mysticism in relationship to the Bible.

 

Answer.

 

8.      What is the position of Neo-Orthodoxy in regard to Scripture?

 

Answer.

 

9.      Is the view of neo-evangelicalism progressive in its gospel expression?

 

Answer.

 

10.   Is the orthodox position of the Scriptures the most conservative of all the views?

 

Answer.

 

11.   About how many times in the does the Bible refer to itself as the Word of God?

 

Answer.

 

A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Analogies of the Bible

 

Chapter 5

 

What the Bible is Like

 

The Bible is Like a Mirror

      The Bible is called a mirror because it reflects the mind of God and the true condition of man.

 

·       James 1:23-25 For if any be a hearer of the word, and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding his natural face in a glass: 24 For he beholdeth himself, and goeth his way, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was. 25 But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed.  

 

The Bible is Like a Seed

The Bible is called a seed because, once properly planted, it brings forth life, growth, and fruit.

 

·       1 Peter 1:2 3 Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

 

·       James 1:18 “Of his own will begat he us with the Word of Truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.”

 

·       Matthew 13:18-23 “Hear ye therefore the parable of the sower. When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one, and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side. But he that received the seed into stony places, the same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it; yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while: for when tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended. He also that received seed among the thorns is he that heareth the word; and the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, choke the word, and he becometh unfruitful. But he that received seed into the good ground is he that heareth the word, and understandeth it; which also beareth fruit, and bringeth forth, some an hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty.”

 

The Bible is Like Water

            The Bible is called water because of its cleansing, quenching, and refreshing qualities.

 

·       Psalms 42:1 As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.

 

·       Psalms 119:9 Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by taking heed thereto according to thy word.

 

·       Proverbs 25:25 As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

 

·       Isaiah 55:10 For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater.

 

·       Ephesians 5:25-27 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; that he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, that he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.”

 

·       Hebrews 10:22 Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.

 

·       Revelation 22:17 And the Spirit and the bride say, Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. And let him that is athirst come. And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely.

 

The Bible is Like a Lamp

      The Bible is called a lamp because it shows us where we are now, it guides us in the next step, and it keeps us from falling.

·       Psalm 119:105 “Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.” 

 

·       Proverbs 6:23 “For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; and reproofs of instruction are the way of life.”

 

·       2 Peter 1:19. “We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts.”

 

The Bible A Sword

      The Bible is called a sword because of its piercing ability, operating with equal; effectiveness upon sinners, saints, and Satan. Of the various armor pieces mentioned in Ephesians 6:11-17, all to be worn by the believer, the only offensive piece is the “sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”

·       Hebrews 4:12 “For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart” (Heb. 4:12).

 

·       Ephesians 6:17 “And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”

 

The Bible is Like Precious Metals

      The Bible is referred to as precious metals because of its desirability, its preciousness, its beauty, and its value.

 

·       Psalm 119:27 “Therefore I love thy commandments above gold; yea above fine gold.”  

 

·       Psalm 12:6 “The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.”

 

The Bible is Like Nourishing Food

      The Bible is referred to as nourishing food because of the strength it imparts.

 

 

 

 

 

The Bible is like Milk

      1 Peter 2:2 “As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby.”

 

The Bible is like Meat

      Hebrews 5:12-14 “For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. For every one that useth milk is unskillful in the word of righteousness; for he is a babe. But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.”

 

The Bible is like Bread

      John 6:51 “I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.” 

 

The Bible is like Honey

      Psalm 19:10 “More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.”

 

The Bible is Like a Hammer

      The Bible is referred to as a hammer because of its ability to both tear down and build up.

 

·       Jeremiah 23:29 Is not my word like as a fire? Saith the LORD; and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces?

 

·       Acts 9:4 And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

 

·       Jude 20 But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost.

 

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Quiz

 

Analogies of the Bible

 

Chapter 5

 

What the Bible is Like

 

1.     Why is the Bible like a mirror?

 

Answer.

 

2.     In what way is the Bible like a seed?

 

Answer.

 

3.     Why is the Bible called water? D

 

Answer.

 

4.     How is the Bible like a lamp?

 

Answer.

 

5.     In what way is the Bible like a sword?

 

Answer.

 

6.     Why is the Bible likened to precious metals?

 

Answer.

7.     How is the Bible like nourishing food?

 

Answer.

 

8.     How is the bible like a hammer.

 

Answer.

~*~

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Bible Invites the

Use of Human Reason

 

Chapter 6

 

God gave us our minds and desires that we should use them! This is seen in two classic passages, one directed to the unsaved, the other to the saved. Isaiah 1:18 says, “Come now, and let us reason together, saith the Lord; though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.”  Paul said in Romans 12:1,2 “I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.”

      However, there are times when God desires us to submit our human reasoning to Him. Note the following admonition in Proverbs 3:5-7. “Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the Lord, and depart from evil.”

      Often our reasoning is as the thinking of Naaman, who when asked to take a sevenfold bath in Jordan’s muddy waters, angrily replied, “Behold, I thought, He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the Lord his God, and strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper” (2 Kings 5:11).

      But Elisha did not do so. Often God’s ways are different from our ways. “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts” (Isa. 55:8, 9).

Christ: The Head of the Church 

      The New Testament abounds with passages that declare Christ the Head of the Church.

·       Ephesians 1:22 And hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church,

 

·       Ephesians 2:19-20 Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; 20 And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;

 

·       Ephesians 4:15-16 But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ: 16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love.

 

·       Ephesians 5:23-30 For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. 24 Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing. 25 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; 26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, 27 That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish. 28 So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. 29 For no man ever yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the church: 30 For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones.

 

·       Colossians 1:18 And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.

 

·       Colossians 2:9 For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily.

 

       The Savior, it must be remembered, gave birth to the Church, and not the other way around (Matt. 16:18). Therefore the Christian must look to the Bible and not to any earthly religious structure for final instruction. Sometimes even those local churches mentioned in the Bible itself were grievously wrong. Note the following description of New Testament churches, some of which were started by Paul himself.

     

      The Church at Ephesus. “Nevertheless I have somewhat against thee, because thou hast left thy first love. Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent, and do the first works; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will remove thy candlestick out of his place, except thou repent” (Rev. 2:4, 5).

     

      The Church at Pergamos. “But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumbling-block before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication. So hast thou also them that hold the doctrine of the Nicolaitanes, which thing I hate. Repent; or else I will come unto thee quickly, and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth” (Rev. 2:14-16).

     

      The Church at Thyatira. “Notwithstanding I have a few things against thee, because thou sufferest that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my servants to commit fornication, and to eat things sacrificed unto idols” (Rev. 2:20).

     

      The Church at Sardis. “And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write: These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead. Be watchful, and strengthen the things which remain, that are ready to die: For I have not found thy works perfect before God. Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee” (Rev. 3:1-3).

     

      The Church at Laodicea. “I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot. I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth. Because thou say