Study Guide Answers

 

Survey of the Old Testament

 

Extracted from the writings of

Matthew Henry

 

Genesis

Chapter 1

 

 

1.        Why is the term “testament” or “covenant” used to describe the Bible? Answer: This is called a testament, or covenant (Diatheke)(NT:1242), because it was a settled declaration of the will of God concerning man in a federal way, and had its force from the designed death of the great testator, the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, Rev 8:8.

 

2.       What does the word “Pentateuch” refer to? Answer: The first five books of the Bible.

 

3.        List the threefold description of the Scriptures according to Jesus. Answer: Law, Prophets, and Psalms.

 

4.        When was Genesis written? Answer: While some think, when Moses was in Midian, for the instruction and comfort of his suffering brethren in Egypt: it is probable that he  wrote it in the wilderness, after he had been in the mount with God.

 

5.        List six things the book of Genesis introduces. Answer: (1) Creation of the world (2) The entrance of sin (3) The entrance of death (4) The invention of the arts (5) The rise of nations and (6) The beginning of the Church.

 

Exodus

Chapter 2

 

1.        In what two ways was Moses a servant of the Lord? Answer:  Moses used his pen to serve the Lord by recording history and his used his rod of authority to guide the people of God.

 

2.       What does the term “exodus” mean?” Answer:  A departure, or going out.

 

3.       Give the spiritual significance of the term “exodus.” Answer: No sooner have we made our entrance into the world than we must think of making our exit, and going out of the world. When we begin to live we begin to die.

 

4.       State the two major divisions of the book. Answer:  I. The accomplishment of the promises made before to Abraham (chapters 1-19). II. The establishment of the ordinances which were afterwards observed by Israel (chapters 20-40).

 

5.        What New Testament passage states that Moses wrote of Christ?  Answer:   John 5:46 For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me: for he wrote of me.

 

Leviticus

Chapter 3

 

1.        What three historical accounts are recalled in Leviticus? Answer: (1) The consecration of the priesthood (chapters 8-9). (2) The punishment of Nadab and Abihu (chapter 10). (3) The ecclesiastical laws of God.

 

2.        What do the ecclesiastical laws regulate? Answer: These laws regulated the sacrifices and offerings of Israel.

 

3.        Where does the term “Leviticus” come from and what does it mean? Answer: The term comes from the Septuagint and refers to the priestly tribe of Levi.

 

4.        Does Leviticus suggest that there is a proper way to worship the Lord? Explain. Answer: In the divine appointments with God there are particular forms to follow.

 

5.        How might a New Testament believer apply the teachings found in Leviticus? Answer: While the New Testament Christian is freed from the yoke of ceremonial law, the ancient laws strengthen faith in Jesus Christ.

 

Numbers

Chapter 4

 

1.        What is the origin of the title of the book and why is it so named? Answer: While the other titles for the books of the Old Testament come from the Septuagint, this title comes from the English. The title comes because of the numbers of the children of Israel which are so often mentioned.

 

2.        How many times was the Exodus Generation numbered and where? Answer: (1) At Mt. Sinai (chapter 1) and (2) on the plains of Moab thirty nine years later (chapter 26).

 

3.        What is contained in the historical part of the book? Answer: (1) The numberig and organization of the tribes (chapters 1-4). (2) The dedication of the altar and Levites (chapter 7-8). (3) The travels of the nation (chapter 9-10). (4) The murmuring and unbelief, for which they were sentenced to wander for forty years in the wilderness (chapter 11-14). (5) The rebellion of Korah (chapters 16,17). (6) The history of the last year of the forty (chapter 20-26) (7) The conquest of Midian, and the settlement of the two tribes (chapter 31, 32). (8) An account of their journeys (chapter 33).

 

 

 

4.        What did the laws set forth in Numbers regulate? Answer: (1) Laws about the Nazarites, etc (chapter 5,6). (2) Laws about the priests’ charge, etc. (chapter 18,19). (3) The feasts (chapter 28, 29). (4) The vows (chapter 30). (5) Their settlement in Canaan (chapter 27, 34, 35,36).

 

5.        Give the spiritual application of this book to Christians today. Answer: Hebrews 4:1 provides an application of the book to ourselves. Let us fear lest we seem to come short.

 

 

Deuteronomy

Chapter 5

 

1.        What major event is recorded in the last chapter of this book? Answer: The death of Moses.

 

2.        What does the word “Deuteronomy” signify? Answer: Literally, the Second Law or the second time the Law was given.

 

3.        Why was the Law repeated? Answer: The men of the Exodus generation to which the law was first given were all dead, and a new generation had sprung up.

 

4.        State one attribute of God manifested by the giving of the Law. Answer: In compassion to the infirmities of the people, the laws of more common concern are delivered a second time.

 

5.        State one spiritual application of Deuteronomy. Answer: What God has spoken once we have need to hear twice, to hear many times, and it is well if, after all, it be duly perceived and regarded.

 

6.        List three ways the book was to be magnified and honored. Answer: (1) The king was to write a copy of it with his own hand, and to read therein all the days of his life, ch. 17, 18, 19. 2  (2) It was to be written upon great stones plastered, at their passing over Jordan, Deut 27:2-3. (3) It was to be read publicly every seventh year, at the feast of tabernacles, by the priests, in the audience of all Israel, Deut 31:9, etc.

 

7.       In which chapter is a song sung? Answer: Chapter 32.

 

8.        How much time is covered in the book? Answer: Two months.

 

9.        How should the last words of a person be treated? Answer: With great respect.

 

10.   How did Jesus use this book of the Bible? Answer: The Lord answered the devil’s temptations with direct quotations from Deuteronomy.

 

 

Joshua

Chapter 6

 

1.        List some of the “lost” books of the Bible. Answer: (1) The Book of Jasher (2) The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and Judah (3) The Book of Gad (4) The Book of Nathan and (5) The Book of Iddo.

 

2.        Who might be the author of Joshua? Answer: Ezra the scribe.

 

3.        In what three ways is Joshua shown to be the leader of Israel? Answer: (1) He led the people of Israel into Canaan. (2) He led the people in the conquest of Canaan. (3) He led the people in the distribution of the land that was conquered.

 

4.        How is the providence of God revealed? Answer: (1) In the kingdom of nature, (2) in punishing the Canaanites when the measure of their iniquity was full, (3) by His faithfulness to His covenant with the patriarchs, and (4) by His kindness to His people Israel, notwithstanding their provocations. (5) We may see him as the Lord of Hosts determining the issues of war, and (6) as the director of the lot, determining the bounds of men's habitations

 

5.        How is Joshua a type of Christ? Answer: He bore our Savior’s name and serverd as a high priest (Acts 7:45;  Heb. 4:8; Zech. 6:11-12). Joshua saves God’s people from the Canaanites as Jesus promised to save His people from their sins. Christ, as Joshua, is the captain of our salvation, a leader of commander of the people, to tread Satan under their feet, to put them in possession of the heavenly Canaan, and to give them rest, which (it is said, Heb. 4:8), Joshua did not.

 

Judges

Chapter 7

 

1.        How many years are covered in Judges? Answer: Two hundred and ninety nine years.

 

2.        List 12 of the Judges of Israel. Answer:

(1)    Othniel of Judah

(2)    Ehud of Benjamin

(3)    Barak of Naphtali

(4)    Gideon of Manasseh

(5)    Abimelech his son

(6)    Tola of Issachar

(7)    Jair of Manasseh

(8)    Jephtha of Manasseh

(9)    Ibzan of Judah

(10)Elon of Zebulun

(11) Abdon of Ephriam

(12) Samson of Dan

 

3.        How many tribes are represented by the Judge? Answer: Eight.

 

4.        Characterize the Judges of Israel. Answer: They do not appear here either so great or so good as one might have expected the character of such a peculiar people would be. We find them wretchedly corrupted, and wretchedly oppressed by their neighbours about them.

 

5.        Describe the government of Israel during the days of the Judges. Answer: The government of the judges was not constant, but occasional. The judges were raised up and animated by the Spirit of God to do particular service to the public when there was occasion, to avenge Israel of their enemies, and to purge Israel of their idolatries, which are the two things principally meant by their judging Israel.

 

6.        What was the name of the woman who judged Israel? Answer: Deborah.

 

7.        Spiritually, who was the true king of Israel? Answer: During the government of the judges, God was in a more especially manner Israel’s king; so Samuel tells them when they were resolved to throw off this form of government (1 Sam. 12:12).

 

8.        In Hebrews 4:12, who are the four judges honored? Answer: (1) Gideon (2) Barak (3) Samson (4) Jephtha

 

9.        Ho might be the author of the book of Judges? Answer: The prophet Samuel.

 

10.   What should a Christian be thankful for? Answer: Christians should be grateful for magistrates both supreme and subordinate, for they are ministers of God unto us for good.

 

Ruth

Chapter 8

 

1.        Who might have written Ruth? Answer: The prophet Samuel.

 

2.        What is the design of the book? Answer: (1) To lead individuals to recognize the hand of Providence and, (2) to lead people to Christ.

 

3.        Give the most important descendant of Ruth. Answer: The Messiah.

 

4.        What does Ruth typify? Answer: In Ruth there is the anticipation of the calling of the Gentiles in due time into the fellowship of Christ Jesus our Lord.

 

5.        What city is the setting for the story of Ruth? Answer: Bethlehem.

 

 

 

1 Samuel

Chapter 9

 

1.        Describe the contents of 1 and 2 Samuel. Answer: These books record the fall of Eli and the rise of Samuel. A full account of his birth, childhood, life and government is provided. The life of Saul is then followed by the rise of David to power.

 

2.        What is the title of those works in the Latin Vulgate? Answer: The First and Second Book of the Kings.

 

3.        What is the title of those works in the Septuagint? Answer: The First and Second Book of the Kingdoms.

 

4.        Who is the author of these works? Answer: It is probable that Samuel wrote the history of his own time, and that, after him, some of the prophets that were with David (Nathan as likely as any) continued it.

 

5.        What official position did Eli and Samuel hold in the nation? Answer: They were priests unto the Lord.

 

2 Samuel

Chapter 10

 

1.        Who were the enemies of David? Answer: The enemies of David included Saul, the Jebusites, and the Philistines.

 

2.        Against whom did David ultimately sin? Answer: David against Urriah the Hittite and against the Lord God (Psalms 51).

 

3.        What was the sin of Ammon? (chapter 13) Answer: He molested his sister.

 

4.        Who was Absalom and what did he do? Answer: Absalom was the favored son of David and the handsome crown prince. He led a rebellion against his father to take the throne by force.

 

5.        For what sin of David did thousands of Israelites die? (chapter 24) Answer: Lifted up with pride David counted the people of Israel, not to take a census but to inflate his own ego. It was a great sin in the sight of God.

 

1 Kings

Chapter 11

 

1.       Who was Solomon? Answer: Solomon was the second son born to David and Bathsheba who was the wife of Uriah the Hittite. Beloved by God, Solomon was chosen to follow David to the throne of Israel.

 

2.        What caused the nation of Israel to be divided? Answer: The many wives of Solomon took his heart away from the Lord. As a form of Divine judgment, the Lord divided the kingdom of Israel.

 

3.        Describe the character of the kings of Judah. Answer: The many wives of Solomon took his heart away from the Lord. As a form of Divine judgment, the Lord divided the kingdom of Israel.

 

David                                 the devout

Solomon                           the wise

Rehoboam                       the simple

Abijah                                the valiant

Asa                                     the upright

Jehoshaphat                     the religious

Jehoram                            the wicked

Ahaziah                             the profane

Joash                                 the backslider

Amaziah                            the rash

Uzziah                               the mighty

Jotham                               the peaceable

Ahaz                                  the idolater

Hezekiah                           the reformer

Manasseh                         the penitent

Amon                                the obscure

Josiah                                the tender hearted

Jehoahaz

Jehoiakim

Jehoiachin

Zedekiah                           all wicked

 

4.        What did David want to build for the Lord? Answer: David wanted to build a Temple to house the Ark of the Covenant.

 

2 Kings

Chapter 12

 

1.        Who was Elijah and what are some of the miracles he performed? (chapters 17-19) Answer:  Elijah was a 9th century prophet of God who ministered during the reign of King Ahab. He fed a widow and her son, restored the child back to life when he died, called fire down from heaven, and prayed that it not rain for three years. The rains ceased until he prayed again.

 

2.        How did Elijah leave earth? (chapters 1-2) Answer: Elijah ascended into heaven in a chariot of fire.

 

1.        List some of the miracles of Elisha. (chapters 3-7) Answer: (1) The miracle of Jordan (2) The miracle of the healed waters (3) The miracle of judgment upon irreverent young men. (4) The miracle of the flood (5) The miracle of the Shunammite’s son (6) The miracle of the poisoned food (7) The miracle of the healing of Naaman (8) The miracle of the healing of Gehazi (9) The miracle of the swimming axhead (10) The miralce of open and blinded eyes and (11) The miracle of the siege

 

2.        Compare and contrast Hazael and Jehu. Answer: Hazael and Jehu were both anointed as rulers and appointed to be instruments of God. Hazael would be used of the Lord to bring correction to Israel while Jehu would bring destruction to the house of Ahab (chapters 8-10).

 

3.        Describe the reign of Hezekiah. (chapters 18-20) Answer: The reign of Hezekiah was both good and glorious.

 

1.        Who was the king that destroyed Jerusalem? (chapters 24-25) Answer: Nebuchadnezzar

 

 

1 Chronicles

Chapter 13

 

1.        Who is the author of the Chronicles? Answer: Ezra has been suggested.

 

2.        According to legend what happened to the Law? Answer: It was burnt and destroyed so that Ezra was divinely inspired to write it all over again.

 

3.        When were the Chronicles written? Answer: Following the Babylonian Captivity.

 

4.        Describe the contents of the Chronicles. Answer: We have in 1 Chronicles (1) a collection of sacred genealogies (2) A repetition of the history of the translation of the kingdom from Saul to David and the triumph of David’s reign (3) An original account of the settlement David made of the ecclesiastical affairs and the preparations for the building of the Temple.

 

5.        What preparations did David make for the building of the Temple? (chapters 22-29) Answer: David provided Trees and stones along with silver and gold for the Temple.

 

2 Chronicles

Chapter 14

 

1.        List four empires that once ruled the world. Answer: Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman

 

2.        Who was Rehoboam? (chapters 10-12) Answer: Rehoboam was the son of Solomon and his successor on the throne f Israel. His mother was Naamah, an Ammonitess (1 Kings 14:21). Born c. 975 BC, Rehoboam was about forty-one years old when he began to reign. Because he was foolish in his political polices the kingdom was divided.

 

3.        What great spiritual lesson is to be learned from the lives of the kings? Answer: The Lord honored those who honored God. Those who rebelled against righteousness knew the heavy hand of Divine discipline.

 

4.        List the books of the Bible written after the Babylonian captivity. Answer: Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah.

 

5.        What is one thing that the Christian can be certain of concerning the Bible? Answer: We may be confident that the foundation of God stands fast.

 

Ezra

Chapter 15

 

1.        What is the theme of Ezra? Answer: The history of this books if the accomplishment of Jeremiah’s prophecy concerning the return of the Jews out of Babylon at the end of seventy years.

 

2.        What does the book of Ezra foreshadow? Answer: The narrative foreshadowed the deliverance of the gospel church out of the New-Testament Babylon.

 

3.        What troubles did the Jew meet with when they returned to Jerusalem? (chapters 3-6) Answer: Tremendous personal and physical opposition concerning the rebuilding of the Holy City and the Temple.

 

4.        What did Ezra force many men to do? (chapters 9-10) Answer: Divorce their foreign wives.

 

5.