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T H E
Water of Life
O R,
A discourse showing the richness and glory
O F_T H E
Grace of the Gospel,
as set forth in the Scripture by this term,
The Water of Life.


By J O H N.B U N Y A N.

"And whosoever will, let him take the
water of life freely."–Revelation 22:17


L O N D O N,
Printed for Nathanael Ponder, at
the Peacock in the Poultry, 1688.

Published the year John Bunyan died.



Edited by George Offor.



ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR

Often, and in every age, the children of God have dared to doubt the sufficiencyof divine grace; whether it was vast enough to reach their condition—to cleanse themfrom the guilt of all their sins—and to fit their souls to dwell with infinite holinessin the mansions of the blessed. To solve these doubts—to answer these anxious inquiries,Bunyan wrote many of his works; for although he was a Boanerges, or son of thunder,to awaken the impenitent, he was eminently a Barnabas—a son of consolation—an evangelistto direct the trembling inquirer to Christ the way, the truth, and the life. He proclaimsfirst, from his own experience, that there is "Grace abounding to the Chiefof Sinners"; then he proclaims "Good News for the Vilest of Men, the JerusalemSinner is Saved"—"Christ is an Advocate"— "Christ is a completeSaviour." Every one is invited with a "Come and welcome to Jesus Christ."There is "Justification by his Righteousness"—"Salvation by his Grace.""He is a Throne of Grace" to which all are freely invited. Even "TheBroken Heart is an acceptable sacrifice."

There is "The Holy City, New Jerusalem," to receive such at the end oftheir pilgrimage, and directions amply given to the pilgrim to guide him in his progressto the celestial city; and he now introduces us to a majestic overflowing river,"The Water of Life," sufficient for the refreshment and solace of the myriadsof God's saints who have lived from the creation, and will live until the final consummationof all things, when the prophet in holy vision saw "a great multitude whichno man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, stand before the throne,and before the Lamb." This work was the result of the author's mature experience,being published by him during the last year of his eventful life. In it he refersto one of those ten excellent manuscripts left by him at his decease, prepared forthe press, and afterwards published by Mr. Doe. It is called, The Saint's Privilegeand Profit. The way in which he alludes to this, as if it had been printed, showsthat he had fully determined to publish it shortly, and this, if it was needed, wouldconfirm our confidence in those treatises. He thus refers to it: "Because Ihave spoken of this thing, more particularly upon that text, 'Let us therefore comeboldly unto the throne of grace,' I shall therefore here say no more."

Two things are rather extraordinary with regard to this valuable treatise on theWater of Life. One is, that although inserted in every list of our author's works,both published by himself and by his friends after his decease, it escaped the researchesof Doe, Wilson, Chandler, Whitfield, and others who collected and published Bunyan'sworks, excepting only the edition with Mason's notes, printed for A. Hogg about 1785.The other singular circumstance is, that although the separate treatises of Bunyanwere all most wretchedly and inaccurately printed, the Water of Life has in thisrespect suffered more than any other of his works. A modern edition of this book,published at Derby by Thomas Richardson, is, without exception, the most erroneouslyprinted of all books that have come under my notice. The Scriptures are misquoted—wordsare altered so as to pervert the sense—whole sentences and paragraphs, and even wholepages in three or four places, and, in one instance, four consecutive pages, areleft out!!! I should be grieved if more penal enactments were added to our statutes,but surely there should be some punishment for such a crime as this.

The other editions are more reputable, but very incorrect. One of them bears theimprint of "London, for James Bunyan, 1760." Another has "London,sold by Baxter, Doolittle, & Burkit," evidently fictitious names, adoptedfrom those three great authors. The Pilgrim's Progress was twice published by D.Bunyan, in Fleet Street, 1763 and 1768; and the Heavenly Footman, "London, soldby J. Bunyan, above the Monument." All these are wretchedly printed, and withcuts that would disgrace an old Christmas carol. Thus the public have been imposedupon, and thus the revered name of Bunyan has been sacrificed to the cupidity ofunprincipled men. Had his works been respectably printed they would have all beenvery popular and useful, and his memory have been still more venerated.

To attract his readers to come personally, and partake the blessings imparted bythe water of life, Bunyan shows that, as a medicine, it alone is the specific tocure the sin-sick soul—all other applications must fail most fatally—"all otherremedies come from and return to the Dead Sea"— while the water of life issuesfrom, and leads the soul to, the throne of God. It cleanseth from the old leaven.The Divine Physician is ever ready to administer to the wearied soul. Be not misledby worldly-wisemen to take advice of the doctor's boy, but go direct to Jesus; heis ready—he is willing to cure and save to the uttermost. His medicine may be sharp,but merely so as to effect the cure "where bad humours are tough and churlish."

"It revives where life is, and gives life where it is not. Take man from thisriver, and nothing can make him live: let him have this water and nothing can makehim die." The river of water of life allegorically represents the Spirit andgrace of God; thus the truth is mercifully set before us, for "what is morefree than water, and what more beneficial and more desirable than life?" Vastand majestic rivers convey but a faint idea of the immensity of Divine grace; incomparison with which "the most mighty mountain dwindles into the least ant'segg or atom in the world." A stream of grace issued from the same source duringthe patriarchal dispensation, and then mankind were directed to it by immediate revelation,or by the tradition of their fathers. It extended under the Jewish or Levitical law,in it's course passing through the temple, issuing from under the threshold of God'shouse, revealed by types, and shadows, and an earthly priesthood, and then "graceran but slowly because Jesus was not glorified."

Now it flows like a majestic river from the throne of God, open to all, without limitof family or nation, revealed to every creature by the volume of inspiration. Thiswater admits no mixture—it is pure and perfect as it's origin—free as the air webreathe to sustain life. "There is no grudge, or a piece of an upbraiding speechheard therein." Any attempt to mix with it human merits destroys all it's efficacy.In it, and in it only, spiritual life, exciting to works of mercy, and giving surehopes of immortal bliss, is to be found. God's children can no more live separatedfrom this river than fish can live out of water. As a fish, by natural instinct,avoids foul and unwholesome water, so a Christian has spiritual powers to judge ofthe purity of doctrine. Like the manna from heaven, and our daily bread, it mustbe supplied day by day. No church cistern of works of supererogation can supply thispure water. All such pretended supplies are poisonous. It must come direct from heavenwithout human interference. Those only who spiritually thirst will seek it.

Some prefer wine that perisheth in the using, while this water, once received, becomesa well-spring of living waters, springing up into everlasting life. How marvellousthat river which swallows up all the impurities of the myriads of the redeemed, sothat they are seen no more for ever. These are the truths pressed upon our attentionin this treatise. Well may our venerated Bunyan say, while richly enjoying the blessingsof this river of grace, just before he waded through the black river which absorbsour earthly bodies— "O grace! O happy church of God! all things that happento thee are, for Christ's sake, turned into grace!" It is a river that so reflectsthe splendour of God, that the first sight of it was to Paul above the brightnessof the sun; a light that did, by the glory of it, make dark to him all the thingsin the world.

Reader, may your soul and mine be abundantly refreshed from this inexhaustible river,the streams whereof make glad the city of God.

GEO. OFFOR.


THE EPISTLE TO THE READER.

COURTEOUS READER,

I have now presented thee with something of a discourse of the water of life andit's virtues; therefore, thou mayest, if thou wilt, call this book Bunyan's Billof his Master's Water of Life. True, I have not set forth at large the excellentnature and quality thereof, nor can that so be done by the pen or tongue of men orangels. Yet this I have said, and so saying, said truly, that whosoever shall drinkof this water shall find it in him a well of water; and not only so, but a well springingup in him to everlasting life, let his disease be what it will. And as men, in theirbills for conviction to readers, do give an account to the country of the personscured, and the diseases that have been removed by liquors and preparations, theyhave made for that end, so could I, were it not already (by Holy Writ) done by aninfallible pen to my hand, give you accounts of numberless numbers that have notonly been made to live, but to live for ever, by drinking of this water, this purewater of life. Many of them indeed are removed from hence, and live where they cannotbe spoken with was yet; but abundance of them do still remain here, and have theirabode yet with men.

Only, if thou wouldst drink it, drink it by itself, and that thou mayest not be deceivedby that which is counterfeit, know it is as it comes from the hand of our Lord, withoutmixture, pure and clear as crystal. I know there are many mountebanks in the world,and every of them pretend they have this water to sell; but my advice is, that thougo directly to the throne thyself (Heb 4:16); or as thou art bidden come to the waters(Isa 55:1), and there thou shalt be sure to have that which is right and good, andthat which will certainly make thee well, let thy disease, or trouble, or pain, ormalady, be what it will. For the price, care not for that, it is cheap enough, thisis to be had without money or price. "I will give," saith God and the Lamb,"unto him that is athirst, of the fountain of the water of life freely"(Rev 21:6). Hence he says again, "Whosoever will, let him take the water oflife freely" (Rev 22:17). So that thou hast no ground to keep back because ofthy poverty; nay, for the poor it is prepared and set open, to the poor it is offered,the poor and needy may have it of free cost (Isa 41:17,18).[1]

But let it not be slighted because it is offered to thee upon terms so full, so free.For thou art sick, and sick unto death, if thou drinkest not of it, nor is thereany other than this that can heal thee, and make thee well. Farewell. The Lord bethy physician! So prays thy friend,

JOHN BUNYAN.


THE WATER OF LIFE.

"AND HE SHOWED ME A PURE RIVER OF WATER OF LIFE, CLEAR AS CRYSTAL, PROCEEDINGOUT OF THE THRONE OF GOD AND OF THE LAMB."
Revelation 22:1

These words are part of that description that one of the seven angels, which hadthe seven vials full of the seven last plagues, gave unto John of the New Jerusalem,or of the state of that gospel church, that shall be in the latter days (Rev 21:9).Wherefore he saith, "And he showed me"; HE, the angel, showed me it.

In the text we have these things to consider of,

FIRST. The matter, the subject matter of the text, and that is the water of life."He showed me the water of life." SECOND. We have also here the quantityof this water showed to him, and that is under the notion of a river: "He showedme a river of water of life." THIRD. He shows him also the head, or well-spring,from whence this river of water of life proceeds, and that is, "the throne ofGod and of the Lamb." "He showed me a river of water of life, proceedingout of the throne of God, and of the Lamb." FOURTH. We have also here the natureand quality of this water; it is pure, it is clear as crystal: "And he showedme a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throneof God and of the Lamb."

[THE WATER OF LIFE.]

[FIRST.] We will begin with the first of these, to wit, with the matter, the subjectmatter of the text, which is, THE WATER OF LIFE. These words, water of life, aremetaphorical, or words by which a thing most excellent is presented to and amplifiedbefore our faces; and that thing is the Spirit of grace, the Spirit and grace ofGod. And the words, water of life, are words most apt to present it to us by; forwhat is more free than water, and what more beneficial and more desirable than life?Therefore I say it is compared to, or called, the water of life. He showed me thewater of life.

That it is the Spirit of grace, or the Spirit and grace of God, that is here intended:consider, FIRST, the Spirit of grace is in other places compared to water: and, SECOND,it is also called the Spirit of life. Just as here it is presented unto us, "Heshowed me the water of life."

FIRST. The spirit of grace is compared to water. "Whosoever," saith theLamb, "drinketh of the water that I shall give him, shall never thirst; butthe water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up intoeverlasting life" (John 4:14). What can here by water be intended, but the Spiritof grace that this poor harlot, the woman of Samaria, wanted, although she was ignorantof her want, as also of the excellency thereof? Which water also is here said tobe such as will spring up, in them that have it, as a well into everlasting life.

Again, "In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried,saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me and drink." But of what? Whyof his rivers of living waters. But what are they? Why he answers, "This spakehe of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive" (John 7:37-39).

Yes, the prophets and servants of God in the Old Testament, did take this water oflife for the Spirit of grace that should in the latter days be poured out into thechurch. Hence, Isaiah calls water God's Spirit and blessing, and Zechariah, the Spiritof grace. "I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dryground: I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring"(Isa 44:3). And Zechariah saith, "I will pour upon the house of David, and uponthe inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication, - and theyshall mourn," &c. (Zech 12:10). Behold, in all these places the Spirit ofgrace is intended, and for our better understanding it is compared to water, to awell of water, to springs of water, and to floods of water.

SECOND. It is also called the Spirit of life, [either] more closely, [or] more openly.

More closely, where it is called "living water," "that living water,"and "water springing up into everlasting life" (John 4:10,11,14, 7:38).

Then more openly or expressly it is called "the Spirit of life." "Andafter three days and an half, the Spirit of life from God entered into them, andthey stood upon their feet" (Rev 11:11).

From hence, therefore, I conclude, that by these terms, water of life, is meant theSpirit of grace, or the Spirit and grace of the gospel. And the terms are such asare most apt to set forth the Spirit and grace of the gospel by: for,

[First. The term WATER.]

1. By this term, WATER, an opposition to sin is presented unto us. Sin is comparedto water, to deadly waters, and man is said to drink it, as one that drinketh waters."How much more abominable and filthy is man, which drinketh iniquity like water?"(Job 15:16). So, then, that grace and the Spirit of grace is compared to water, itis to show what an antidote grace is against sin; it is, as I may call it, counterpoison to it. It is that ONLY thing by the virtue of which sin can be forgiven, vanquished,and overcome.

2. By this term WATER, you have an opposition also to the curse, that is due to sin,presented unto you. The curse, is compared to water; the remedy is compared to water.Let the curse come into the bowels of the damned, saith the psalmist, like water(Psa 109:18). The grace of God also, as you see, is compared to water. The curseis burning; water is cooling: the curse doth burn with hell-fire; cooling is by thegrace of the holy gospel: but they that overstand the day of grace, shall not obtainto cool their tongues so much of this water as will hang on the tip of one's finger(Luke 16:24,25).[2]

3. Water is also of a spreading nature, and so is sin; wherefore sin may for thisalso be compared to water. It overspreads the whole man, and infects every member;it covereth all as doth water. Grace for this cause may be also compared to water;for that it is of a spreading nature, and can, if God will, cover the face of thewhole earth; of body and soul.

4. Sin is of a fouling, defiling nature; and grace is of a washing, cleansing nature;therefore grace, and the Spirit of grace, is compared to water. "I will,"saith God, "sprinkle clean water upon you, [my Spirit, v 27] and ye shall beclean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you"(Eze 36:25).

5. Water; the element of water naturally descends to and abides in low places, invalleys and places which are undermost; and the grace of God and the Spirit of graceis of that nature also; the hills and lofty mountains have not the rivers runningover the tops of them; no, though they may run "among them." But they runamong the valleys: and "God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace unto the humble,""to the lowly" (John 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5; Prov 3:34).

6. The grace of God is compared to water, for that it is it which causeth fruitfulness;water causeth fruitfulness, want of water is the cause of barrenness; and this isthe reason why the whole world is so empty of fruit to Godward, even because so fewof the children of men have the Spirit of grace in their hearts. But,

[Second. The term LIFE.]

As there is a great special signification in this term WATER, so there is in thisterm LIFE, water of life. "He showed me the water of life." In that, therefore,there is added to this word water, that of life, it is, in the general, to show whatexcellent virtue and operation there is in this water. It is aquae vitae, water oflife, or water that hath a health and life in it. And this term shows us,

1. That the world of graceless men are dead; dead in trespasses and sins (John 5:21,25;Eph 2:1; Col 2:13). Dead, that is, without life and motion Godward, in the way ofthe testament of his Son.

2. It also shows us that there is not any thing in the world, or in the doctrineof the world, the law, that can make them live. Life is only in this water, deathis in all other things.[3] The law, I say, which is that that would, if anythingin the whole world, give life unto the world, but that yet killeth, condemneth, andwas added that the offence might abound; wherefore there is no life either in theworld or in the doctrine of the world. It is only in this water, in this grace ofGod, which is here called the after of life, or God's aquae vitae.[4]

3. It is also called the water of life to show that by the grace of God men may live,how dead soever their sins have made them. When God will say to a sinner, "live,"though he be dead in his sins, "he shall live." "When thou wast inthy blood, I said unto thee, Live; yea, when thou wast in thy blood, I said, Live"(Eze 16:6). And again, "The dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God; andthey that hear shall live" (John 5:25). That is, when he speaks words of grace,and mixeth those words with the Spirit and grace of the gospel, then men shall live;for such words so attended, and such words only, are spirit and life. "The wordsthat I speak unto you," saith Christ, "they are spirit, and they are life"(John 6:63).

4. In that this grace of God is here presented unto us under the terms of water oflife, it is to show that some are sick of that disease that nothing can cure butthat. There are many diseases in the world, and there are also remedies for thosediseases; but there is a disease that nothing will, can, or shall cure, but a dramof this bottle, a draught of this aquae vitae, this water of life. This is intimatedby the invitation, "let him take the water of life freely" (Rev 22:17).And again, "I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the waterof life freely" (Rev 21:6). This is spoken to the sick, to them that are sickof the disease that only Christ, as a physician, with his water of life, can cure(Mark 2:17). But few are sick of this disease, but few know what it is to be madesick of this disease.[5] There is nothing can make sick of this disease but the lawand sin, and nothing can cure but the grace of God by the gospel, called here thewater of life.


[THE GREATNESS AND ABUNDANCE OF THE WATER OF LIFE.]

[SECOND.] We come now to discourse of the second thing with which we are presentedby the text, and that is, the quantity that there is of this water of life. It isa RIVER— "He showed me a river of water of life." Waters that are cordial,and that have in them a faculty to give life to them that want it, and to maintainlife where it is, are rare and scarce, and to be found only in close places and littlequantities; but here you see there is abundance, a great deal, a RIVER, a river ofwater of life. In my handling of this point I will show you,

FIRST. What a river of water of life this is. SECOND. And then draw some inferencestherefrom.

FIRST. What a river this is, this river of water of life.[6]

First. It is a deep river. It is a river that is not shallow, but deep, with an "Othe depth!" (Rom 11:33). "I will make their waters deep, saith God"(Eze 32:14). And again, they "have drunk of the deep waters" (Eze 34:18).A river of water of life is much, but a deep river is more. Why, soul- sick sinner,sin-sick sinner, thou that art sick of that disease that nothing can cure but a potionof this river of the water of life, here is a river for thee, a deep river for thee.Those that at first are coming to God by Christ for life, are of nothing so inquisitiveas of whether there is grace enough in him to save them. But, for their comfort,here is abundance, abundance of grace, a river, a deep river of the water of life,for them to drink of.

Second. As this river is deep, so it is wide and broad (Eph 3:18; Job 11:9). Wherefore,as thou art to know the depth, that is, that it is deep, so thou art to know it'sbreadth, that is, that it is broad; it is broader than the sea, a river that cannotbe passed over (Eze 47:5). Never did man yet go from one side of this river to theother when the waters indeed were risen; and now they are risen, even now they proceedout of the throne of God and of the Lamb too. Hence this grace is called "theunsearchable riches of Christ" (Eph 3:8). Sinner, sick sinner, what sayest thouto this? Wouldst thou wade? wouldst thou swim? here thou mayest swim, it is deep,yet fordable at first entrance. And when thou thinkest that thou hast gone throughand through it, yet turn again and try once more, and thou shalt find it deeper thanhell, and a river that cannot be passed over. If thou canst swim, here thou mayestroll up and down as the fishes do in the sea.[7] Nor needest thou fear drowning inthis river, it will bear thee up, and carry thee over the highest hills, as Noah'swaters did carry the ark. But,

Third. As this river of water of life is deep and large, so it is a river that isfull of waters. A river may be deep and not full. A river may be broad and not deep.Aye, but here is a river deep and broad, and full too. "Thou waterest it; thougreatly enrichest it with the river of God, which is full of water" (Psa 65:9).Full of grace and truth. Fill the water- pots, saith Christ, up to the brim. Thewaters of a full cup the wicked shall have; and a river full of the water of lifeis provided for those who indeed have a desire thereto.

Fourth. As this river is deep, broad, and full, so it still aboundeth with water.The waters, says the prophet, "were risen" (Eze 47:4). Hence, the HolyGhost saith, God causeth the waters to flow (Psa 147:18). And again, "And itshall come to pass in that day [the day of the gospel] that the mountains shall dropdown new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shallflow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the Lord, and shallwater the valley of Shittim" (Joel 3:18). When a river overflows it has morewater than it's banks can bound: it has water. "Behold, he smote the rock, thatthe waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed" (Psa 78:20). This river ofwater of life, which is also signified by these waters, is a river that abounds andthat overflows it's banks in an infinite and unspeakable manner. Thus much for theriver, to wit, what a river of water of life it is. It is a river deep, broad, full,and abounding with this water, with this Spirit and grace of the gospel.

[Inferences to be drawn from this term RIVER.]

SECOND. Now I shall come to draw some inference from it, that is, from this term,a river. A river of water of life.

First. Then, a river is water that is common, common in the streams, though otherwisein the head. This river proceeds out of the throne, and so, as to it's rise, it isspecial; it is also called the water of life, and as it is such, it is special; butas it is a river it is common, and of common use, and for common good. Hence thegrace of God is called the common salvation (Jude 3), for that by the word thereis no restraint, no denial to or forbidding of any that will, from receiving thereof.

And whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely (Rev 22:17). What can morefully declare the commonness of a thing? Yea, this river is called, at the very headof it, an "open fountain," a fountain opened to the house of David andto the inhabitants of Jerusalem (Zech 13:1). And by David or Judah and Jerusalemis comprehended every soul that would drink of the water of life or living water.And hence it is that this river is said to "go down into the desert and go intothe sea," where all kinds of fishes are (Eze 47:8). By sea is meant the world,and by fish the people, and thither shall run this river of water of life. But,

Second. Though a river, in the streams of it, is common, yet a river, as it passesthrough a country or province, will choose it's own way, it will run in the valleys,in the plains, not over steeples and hills. It will also fetch it's compasses andcircuits; it will go about and reach hither and thither,

and according to it's courses it will miss by it's turnings what places and peopleit lists, yet it is common, for that it lies open, yet it is common for all the beastsof the field. There is, therefore, a difference to be put betwixt the commonnessof a thing and it's presence. A thing may be common, yet far enough off of thee.Epsom, Tunbridge waters, and the Bath, may be common, but yet a great way off ofsome that have need thereof.[8] The same may be said of this river, it is commonin the streams, but it runs it's own circuit, and keeps it's own water-courses. "Hesendeth the springs into the valleys which run among the hills" (Psa 104:10).Indeed, he openeth his river in high places, in his throne, and of the Lamb, butstill they run in the midst of the valleys to water the humble and the lowly. Wherefore,they that thirst and would drink are bid to come down to the waters—"Ho, everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money, come ye, buy,"&c. (Isa 55:1). And again, "If any man thirst, let him come unto me anddrink" (John 7:37). The waters are common, but you must come to them, to themwhere they are, or you will be nothing the better for them. "Come ye to thewaters."

Third. This water of life is called a river, to intimate to you by what store ofthe same it is supplied. All rivers have the sea for their original: "All therivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence therivers come, thither they return again" (Eccl 1:7).[9] And so this river ofwater of life is said to proceed out of the throne, as out of a place where it breakethout, but the original is the sea, the ocean of grace, which is an infinite Deity."Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea, into the depth ofthe sea of thy grace" (Micah 7:19). Rivers, when they are broken up, do withtheir gliding streams carry away a great deal of the filth, which from all partsof the countries through which they run, is conveyed into them; and they carry itaway into the sea, where it is everlastingly swallowed up.[10] And, O! the filththat is cast into this river of God! and, O! how many dirty sinners are washed whitetherein, for by it's continual gliding away, it carrieth that filth into the midstof the sea.

A river will take away the very stink of a dead dog: nor doth all the soil and draughtthat is cast into the rivers, cause that those that can should be afraid to makeuse thereof: all that have need do betake themselves to this river notwithstanding.But how much more virtue is there in this sweet river of grace that is designed,yea, opened on purpose, to wash away sin and uncleanness in, to carry away all ourfilth, and to remain as virtuous still!

Fourth. It is called a river, to show that it yields a continual supply, as I maycall it, of new and fresh grace. Rivers yield continually fresh and new water. Forthough the channel or watercourse in which the water runs is the same, yet the watersthemselves are always new. That water that but one minute since stood in this placeor that of the river, is now gone, and new and fresh is come in it's place. And thusit is with the river of God, which is full of water; it yieldeth continually freshsupplies, fresh and new supplies of grace to those that have business in those waters.And this is the reason that when sin is pardoned, it seems as if it were carriedaway. Those waters have, with their continual streams, carried away the filth ofthe sinner form before his face. It is not so with ponds, pools, and cisterns; theywill be foul and stink, if they be not often emptied, and filled again with freshwater. We must then put a difference between the grace that dwelleth in us, and thisriver of water of life. We are but as ponds, pools, and cisterns, that can hold butlittle, and shall also soon stink, notwithstanding the grace of God is in us, ifwe be not often emptied from vessel to vessel, and filled with fresh grace from thisriver (Jer 48:11). But the river is always sweet, nor can all the filth that is washedout of the world make it stink, or infect it: it's water runs with a continual glidingstream, and so carries away all annoyance, as was said, into the depth of the sea.

Fifth. The grace of God is called a river, to show that it is only suited to thosewho are capable of living therein. Water, though it is that which every creaturedesireth, yet it is not an element in which every creature can live. Who is it thatwould not have the benefit of grace, of a throne of grace? But who is it that canlive by grace? Even none, but those whose temper and constitution is suited to grace.Hence, as the grace of God is compared to a RIVER, so those that live by grace arecompared to FISH: for that as water is that element in which the fish liveth, sograce is that which is the life of the saint. "And there shall be a very greatmultitude of fish, because these waters shall come thither; for they shall be healed,and everything shall live whither the river cometh" (Eze 47:9). Art thou a fish,O man, art thou a fish? Canst thou live in the water; canst thou live always, andnowhere else, but in the water? Is grace thy proper element? The fish dieth if shebe taken out of the water, unless she be timely put in again; the saint dieth ifhe be not in this river. Take him from this river, and nothing can make him live;let him have water, water of life enough, and nothing can make him die.

I know that there are some things besides fish, that can make a shift to live inthe water; but the water is not their proper, their only proper element. The frogcan live in the water, but not in the water only; the otter can live in the water,but not in the water only. Give some men grace and the world, grace and sin; admitthem to make use of their lusts for pleasure, and of grace to remove their guilt,and they will make a pretty good shift, as we say; they will finally scrabble onin a profession; but hold them to grace only, confine their life to grace, put theminto the river, and let them have nothing but river, and they die; the word, andway, and nature of grace, is to them as light bread,[11] and their soul can do noother but loath it, for they are not suited and tempered for that element. They arefish, not frogs, that can live in the river, as in their only proper element. Wherefore,the grace of God, and Spirit of grace, is compared to a river, to show that nonebut those can live thereby whose souls and spirits are suited and fitted thereto.

Sixth. The grace, and Spirit of grace of God, is called or compared to a river, toanswer those unsatiable desires, and to wash away those mountainous doubts that attendthose that indeed do thirst for that drink. The man that thirsteth with spiritualthirst, fears nothing more than that there is not enough to quench his thirst. Allthe promises and sayings of God's ministers to such a man seem but as thimbles insteadof bowls (Psa 63:1, 143:6). I mean so long as his thirst and doubts walk hand inhand together. There is not enough in this promise; I find not enough in that promiseto quench the drought of my thirsting soul. He that thirsteth aright, nothing butGod can quench his thirst. "My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God"(Psa 42:2, 63:1, 143:6). Well, what shall be done for this man? Will his God humourhim, and answer his desires? Mark what follows: "When the poor and needy seekwater, and there is none," (and they can find none, when all the promises seemto be dry, and like clouds that return after the rain), "and their tongue failethfor thirst, I, the Lord, will hear them." Aye, but Lord, what wilt thou do toquench their thirst? "I will open rivers," saith he, "in high places,and fountains in the midst of the valleys. I will make the wilderness a pool of water,and the dry land springs of water" (Isa 41:17,18). Behold! here are rivers andfountains, a pool, and springs, and all to quench the thirst of them that thirstfor God.

Wherefore, as I said, such provision for the thirsty intimates their fears of wantand the craving appetite of their souls after God. Right spiritual thirst is notto be satisfied without abundance of grace. And "they shall be abundantly satisfiedwith the fatness of thy house, and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thypleasures" (Psa 36:8).

Seventh. The grace of God is compared to a river, to show the greatness of the familyof God. He has a family, a great family, and, therefore, it is not a little thatmust be provided for them. When Israel went out of Egypt, and thirsted by the way,God provided for them a river; he made it gush out of the rock; for, alas! what lessthan a river could quench the thirst of more than six hundred thousand men, besideswomen and children? (Psa 78:20).

I say, what less than a river could do it? When the people lusted for flesh, Mosessaid, "Shall the flocks and the herds be slain for them to suffice them? orshall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them to suffice them?"(Num 11:22). Even so could not less than a river sustain and suffice that great people.Now his people in gospel days are not to be diminished, but increased; and if thenthey had need of a river, surely now of a sea; but the river is deep and broad, full,and abounds, or rises with water, so it will suffice.

Eighth. The grace of God is compared to a river, perhaps to show of what a low esteemit is with the rich and the full. The destitute indeed embrace the rock instead ofa shelter, and the poor and needy, they seek water: but they that can drink winein bowls, that can solace themselves with, as they think, better things, they comenot to this river to drink; they never say they shall die if they drink not of thiswater. It is, therefore, for the poor and needy, God will lead THEM to his "livingfountains of waters," and will "wipe away all tears from THEIR eyes"(Rev 7:17). And thus I pass the second and come to the third particular, and thatis, to show the head and spring from whence this river proceeds, or springs.


[THE HEAD OR WELL-SPRING OF THE WATER OF LIFE.]

[THIRD.] Rivers have their heads from whence they rise, out of which they spring,and so, accordingly, we read this river has; wherefore he saith, "He showedme a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throneof God and of the Lamb."

[GOD.] God is here to be taken for the whole Godhead, Father, Son, and Spirit, forthat grace proceeds from them all; the grace of the Father, the grace of the Son,and the grace of the Spirit is here included. Hence, as the Father is called "theGod of grace" (1 Peter 5:10): so the Son is said to be full of grace, graceto be communicated (John 1:14- 16), and the Holy Ghost is called "the Spiritof grace" (Heb 10:29). So then by this we perceive whence grace comes. Wereall the world gracious, if God were not gracious, what was man the better? If theFather, or the Son, or the Holy Ghost, are gracious, if they were not all gracious,what would it profit? But now God is gracious, the three persons in the Godhead aregracious, and so long they that seek grace are provided for; for that, there proceedsfrom them a river, or grace like a flowing stream; indeed the original of grace tosinners is the good will of God; none can imagine how loving God is to sinful man.A little of it is seen, but they that see most, see but a little.

[THE LAMB.] But there is added, "and of the Lamb." The Lamb is, Jesus assacrificed, Jesus as man, and suffering. Hence you have the Lamb, at the first visionof the throne, set forth unto us, that is, as slain. "And I beheld, and lo,in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders,stood a Lamb as it had been slain" (Rev 5:6). Wherefore, by this word Lamb,we are to understand who, or by what means, grace doth now run from the throne ofGod, like a river, to the world. It is because of, or through the Lamb. We are "justifiedfreely by the grace of God through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, whom Godhath set forth to be a propitiation, through faith in his blood" (Rom 3:24).And again, "We have redemption through his blood," even "the forgivenessof sins, according to the riches of God's grace" (Eph 1:7).

Nor doth the Lamb of God, by becoming a means, through death, of the conveyance ofgrace to us, at all darken the nature or glory of grace, but rather doth set it offthe more. For wherein can grace or love more appear than in his laying down his lifefor us? I speak now of the grace of the Son. And wherein could the nature and gloryof grace of the Father more appear than in giving his Son to death for us, that gracemight, in a way of justice as well as mercy, be bestowed upon the world? Wherefore,as he saith here, that the river of water of life proceedeth from God, so he addsthat the Lamb, because he would have us while we are entangled and overcome withthis river of God's pleasure, not forget what it cost the Lamb of God that this gracemight come unto us.

For the riches of grace and of wisdom are, that grace comes to us not only in a wayof mercy and compassion, but in a way of justice and equity; but that could be byno other means but by redeeming blood. Which redeeming blood came not from us, noryet through our contrivance or advice; wherefore, whatever it is to the Lamb, stillall is of grace to us. Yea, the higher, the greater, the richer is grace, by howmuch the more it cost the Father and the Lamb, that we might enjoy it. When a manshall not only design me a purse of gold, but shall venture his life to bring itto me, this is grace indeed. But, alas! what are a thousand such short comparisonsto the unsearchable love of Christ.

The Lamb, then, is he from whom, by, or through whom the grace of God doth come tous. It proceeds from the throne of God and of the Lamb. And it proceeds from himnow as a donator: from him, not only as a means of conveyance, but as one that haspower to give grace; power, as he is the Son of Man. For as the Son of Man he isthe Lamb, and as he is the Lamb it cometh from him. "The Son of man hath poweron earth to forgive sins" (Matt 9:6). And that before he had actually paid toGod the price of our redemption. But how much more now? Wherefore Paul, in his prayerfor grace and peace for saints, supplicates both God and the Lamb—"Grace beto you, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ" (Eph 1:2; 1 Cor1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3).

"Proceeding out of the throne." Formerly this river of water is said tocome from under the threshold of the house of the Lord (Eze 47:1). And it is, saidagain, they "shall go out from Jerusalem," that is, the church or houseof God still (Zech 14:8). In that they are said to come out from under the threshold,it may be to intimate that they ran but low formerly, if compared to what they donow. Which might also be signified by this, that they "issued out," thatthat issues out ordinarily comes forth but slowly. Also the prophet saith, the firsttime he went through the waters, they were but up to the ankles (Eze 47:3,4). Butwhat is ankle-deep to that which followeth after? It is said also to come out fromJerusalem, where, I perceive, were no great rivers, to intimate, that as long asthe first priesthood, first temple, and type, were in their splendour, only the shadowof heavenly things were in use, and that then grace ran but slowly, nor would runmuch faster, because Jesus was not yet glorified. For the Spirit and abundance ofgrace was to be given not before but after his ascension.

Wherefore, now Jesus is ascended, now he is glorified, now grace proceeds from thethrone, not from the threshold of the house. "He shewed me a pure river of waterof life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God, and of the Lamb."

THE THRONE. That of which the mercy-seat was a type, that which is called the throneof grace (Exo 25:17; Heb 4:16). And it is called the throne of grace, even, therefore,because it is that from or out of which proceeds this river of water of life, thisoverflowing grace of God. Now, it may be asked what is the throne of grace? and Ishall answer it is the humanity of Christ. He is the throne, he is the Jacob in whichGod sitteth (Isa 22:22,23). And he shall be for a glorious throne to his Father'shouse (Rev 3:7). The fulness of the Godhead dwells in him bodily; and God was inChrist reconciling the world unto himself, nor can grace come to men but by Christ,nor can God rest as to our salvation but in him. But because I have spoken of thisthing more particularly upon that text, "Let us therefore come boldly unto thethrone of grace," &c., I shall, therefore, here say no more.

Only, methinks, it is a glorious title that the Holy Ghost has given to the humanityof Christ, in that he calls it the throne of God; and methinks he gives it the highestpreference in that he saith, out thence proceeds a pure river of water of life: wewill a little, therefore, speak something to this word—the throne, the throne ofGod.

First. A throne is the seat of majesty and greatness; it is not for things of aninferior quality to ascend or assume a throne. Now, then, since this river of waterof life proceeds from the throne, it intimates, that in grace and mercy there isgreat majesty; for grace, as it proceeds, has a voice from the throne. And, indeed,there is nothing in heaven or earth that can so AWE the heart as the grace of God(Hosea 3:5). It is that which makes a man fear, it is that which makes a man tremble,it is that which makes a man bow and bend, and break to pieces (Jer 32:9). Nothinghas that majesty and commanding greatness in and upon the hearts of the sons of menas has the grace of God. So that, I say, when he saith that this river of grace proceedsout of the throne of God, it is to show us what a majesty, what a commanding greatness,there is in grace. The love of Christ constraineth us.

When Moses went up to the mount the first time to receive the law, he did exceedinglyfear and quake. Why? because of the fire and smoke, thick darkness and thunder, &c.But when he went up the second time thither, "he made haste and bowed his headtoward the earth, and worshipped." But

why? because it was before proclaimed that "the Lord was merciful and gracious,long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth; keeping mercy for thousands,forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin," &c. (Exo 34:6-9).

There is nothing overmastereth the heart like grace, and so obligeth to sincere andunfeigned obedience as that. "Examine me, O Lord," said David, "andprove me; try my reins and my heart. For thy loving kindness is before mine eyes:and I have walked in thy truth" (Psa 26:2,3). Therefore, he saith again, O Lordour God, "how excellent is thy loving kindness" in all the earth! and thatloving kindness is marvellous; for it has that majesty and that excellent glory init as to command the heart and subdue sin. And, therefore, grace has given to itthe title of sovereignty, or of one that reigns. The throne is called "the throneof grace" (Heb 4:16), that on which it sits and reigns, as well as that fromwhence it proceeds: "Grace reigns through righteousness unto eternal life byJesus Christ our Lord" (Rom 5:21).

Second. As a throne is a seat of majesty and greatness, and so can awe, so it isthe seat of authority and legislative power, and so will awe; this is confirmed fromwhat was said but now, "grace reigns." Wherefore it is expected that theythat hear the word of God's grace should submit thereto, and that at their peril."He that believes not shall be damned," is a word of power, of law, andof authority, and the contemner shall find it so. Grace proceeds from the throne,from the throne of God and of the Lamb. Wherefore, sinner, here is laid a necessityupon thee, one of the two must be thy lot; either thou must accept of God's grace,and be content to be saved freely thereby, notwithstanding all thy undeservings andunworthiness, or else thou must be damned for thy rebellion and for thy rejectingof this grace. Wherefore, consider with thyself and think what is best to be done.Is it better that thou submit to the grace and mercy of God, and that thou acceptestof grace to reign for thee, in thee, and over thee, than that thou shouldst run thehazard of eternal damnation because thou wouldst not be saved by grace? Considerof this, I say, for grace is now in authority, it reigns and proceeds from the THRONE.Now, you know, it is dangerous opposing, rejecting, despising, or disowning of themin authority; better speak against twenty than against one that is in authority.If "the wrath of a king is as messengers of death" (Prov 16:14), if thewrath of the king "is as the roaring of a lion," what is the wrath of God?(Prov 19:12). And you know, to despise grace, to refuse pardon, to be unwilling tobe saved from the guilt and punishment due to treasons, the king's way, since thatalso is the best way, how will that provoke? how hot will that make wrath? But toaccept of grace, especially when it is free grace, grace that reigns, grace fromthe throne, how sweet is it? "His favour is as dew upon the grass."

This, therefore, calls for thy most grave and sedate thoughts. Thou art in a strait,wilt thou fly before Moses, or with David fall into the hands of the Lord? wilt thougo to hell for sin, or to life by grace? One of the two, as was said before, mustbe thy lot: for grace is king, is upon the throne, and will admit of no other wayto glory. In and by it thou must stand, if thou hast any hope, or canst at all "rejoicein hope of the glory of God" (Rom 5:2).

Third. As the throne is the seat of majesty and authority, so it is the highest seatof authority. There is none above the throne, there is no appeal from the throne.There are inferior courts of judicature, there are under-governors, and they maysometimes, perhaps, be faulty; wherefore in some cases an appeal from such may belawful or permitted; but from the throne none can appeal. Now grace is upon the throne,reigns upon the throne, proceeds from the throne. A man may appeal from the law tothe throne, from Moses to Christ, from him that spake on earth to him that speaksfrom heaven; but from heaven to earth, from Christ to Moses, none can appeal, Moseshimself has forbid it. For "Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shallthe Lord your God raise up unto you, of your brethren like, unto me; him shall yehear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass, thatevery soul, which will not hear that prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people"(Acts 3:22,23).

See here, this NEW prophet judges in the highest court; he is master of grace, thethrone by which grace reigns; and even Moses admits that from himself an appeal maybe made to this prophet; yea, he allows that men may flee from himself to this prophetfor refuge; but there must be no appeal from him. Thou must hear him or die. Howshall we escape, "if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven?"(Heb 12:25).

This, therefore, is to be duly weighed and deeply considered by us. It is not a saint,nor a minister, nor a prophet, nor an angel that speaks, for all these are but servants,but inferiors; no, it is a voice from the throne, from authority, from the highestauthority; it is the Lord from heaven. This grace proceeds from the throne, and,therefore, men must stand and fall by what shall come from hence. He that comes nothither to drink shall die for thirst. He that refuses this water now, shall not haveso much as will hang upon the tip of his finger, if it would save his soul, hereafter."How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation" (Heb 2:3).

Apostates will, therefore, from hence find gripping pangs and burning coals, forthey have turned themselves away from this throne, and from the grace that proceedstherefrom; nor is it to any purpose whatever they plead for themselves. They arefallen from grace, and what can help them? Christ is become of none effect unto such,whosoever is, that is, seeks to be, justified by the law; they "are fallen fromgrace" (Gal 5:4).

Fourth. The throne is the seat of glory, "When the Son of man shall come inhis glory, and all the holy angels with him; then shall he sit upon the throne ofhis glory" (Matt 25:31). And if the throne of judgment is the seat of glory,much more the throne of grace. We will venture then to say that the throne of graceis the throne of God's glory, as the throne of judgment will be the throne of Christ'sglory, and that grace proceedeth from his throne, that both it and he might haveglory; glory in a way of mercy.

1. That it might have glory; therefore has he designed that grace shall be effectualin, and to the salvation of some, even "to the praise of the glory of his grace,wherein he hath made us accepted in his Beloved" (Eph 1:6). He has designed,not the glory of man's works, but the glory of his own grace; and, therefore, hasput man's works, as to justification before God, under his feet, and counts themas filthy rags; but has set his grace up above, has made it a king, given it authorityto reign, has provided for it a throne, and called that throne the throne of grace,from whence it also proceeds to it's own praise and glory, in and by the effectualsalvation of those that receive it, and receive it not in vain.

2. As grace is exalted, and made to proceed out of the throne, to it's own praise,to it's own glory; so is it also thus exalted and made flow to us like a river, thatwe should be the praise of the glory of him that hath exalted it. We that receiveit, and submit unto the throne whence it proceeds, have thereby "obtained aninheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh allthings after the counsel of his own will, that we should be to the praise of hisglory" (Eph 1:11,12). So that this throne is a throne of glory. "A glorioushigh throne, from the beginning is the place of our sanctuary" (Jer 17:12).Now what follows from this, but that they that accept of this grace give glory toGod, to his grace, and to the word of his grace; such, I say, "glorify God forhis mercy" (Rom 15:9). "They glorify God for your professed subjectionto the gospel of Christ" (2 Cor 9:13), which is the gospel or good tidings "ofthe grace of God" (Acts 20:24). They, with Abraham, believe, and give gloryto God (Rom 4:20). And with the Gentiles they glorify the word of the Lord (Acts13:48).

But to slight grace, to do despite to the Spirit of grace, to prefer our own worksto the derogating from grace, what is it but to contemn God? to contemn him whenhe is on the throne, when he is on the throne of his glory? I say, it is to spitin his face, even then when he commands thee to bow before him, to subject unto him,and to glorify the grace of his glory, that proceeds from the throne of his glory.If men in old time were damned because they glorified him not as God, shall not theybe more than damned, if more than damned can be, who glorify him not for his grace?And, to be sure, none glorify him for his grace but those that close in therewith,and submit themselves thereto. Talkers of grace are but mockers of God, but flatterersof God. Those that only talk highly of grace, and submit not themselves unto it,are but like to those that praise a look, or flatter him in his own conceits. GraceGod has exalted, has set it upon the throne, and so made it a king, and given itauthority to reign; and thou goest by, and hearest thereof, but wilt not submit thyselfthereto, neither thy soul nor thy life; why, what is this more than to flatter Godwith thy lips, and than to lie unto him with thy tongue? what is this but to counthim less wise than thyself? while he seeks glory by that by which thou wilt not glorifyhim; while he displays his grace before thee in the world from the throne, and asthou goest by, with a nod thou callest it a fine thing, but followest that whichleadeth therefrom? Tremble, tremble, ye sinners, that have despised the richnessof his goodness; the day is coming when ye shall behold, and wonder, and perish,if grace prevaileth not with you to be content to be saved by it to the praise ofit's glory, and to the glory of him who hath set it upon the throne (Acts 13:38-41).

Fifth. The throne is the seat of wisdom. Hence, he is called "the Ancient ofDays," that sits on this throne, the throne of God (Dan 7:9). Infinite in wisdom,whose garments were white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool. By Ancientof Days, and in that it is said the hair of his head is like the pure wool, his wisdomis set forth unto us. Wherefore, when we read that out of the throne proceeds a riverof grace; when we read this proceedeth out of the throne of God, it is as much asto say the wise God, who most perfectly knoweth all ways, counteth, in his wisdom,that to save men by grace is the best, most safe, and sure way: "Therefore itis of faith, that it might be by grace, to the end the promise might be sure to allthe seed" (Rom 4:16). And, again, forgiveness is according to the riches ofhis grace, wherein he hath abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence (Eph 1:7,8).—Wherefore,to set grace upon the throne, to let grace proceed out of the throne as a river,is by the wise God, the only wise God, counted the best way, the safest way, theway that doth best suit the condition of a sinful man, and that tends most to theutter disappointment of the devil, and death, and hell. Grace can justify freely,when it will, who it will, from what it will. Grace can continue to pardon, favour,and save from falls, in falls, out of falls. Grace can comfort, relieve, and helpthose that have hurt themselves. And grace can bring the unworthy to glory. Thisthe law cannot do, this man cannot do, this angels cannot do, this God cannot do,but only by the riches of his grace, through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ.Wherefore, seeing God has set grace on the throne, and ordered that it should proceedfrom this throne to the world; yea, seeing he has made it king, and granted to it,to it only, the authority and sovereignty of saving souls, he has magnified not onlyhis love, but his wisdom and his prudence before the sons of men. This, then, ishis great device, the master-piece of all his witty inventions; and, therefore, itis said, as was hinted before, in this thing he hath proceeded towards us in ALLwisdom and prudence (2 Sam 14:14; Prov 8:11,12).

So then, he that comes to, and drinks of this water, glorifies God for his wisdom,praises God for his wisdom. Such an one saith that God is only wise, and, bowinghis head, saith again, "to God only wise, be glory both now and for ever. Amen."But he that shall contemn this grace, confronts the highest wisdom, even wisdom uponthe throne; he saith to himself, I am wiser than Daniel, than the judgment of God.I could have found out a more safe way to heaven myself; and had I been of God'scouncil, I would have told him so. All this, so horrible blasphemy, naturally proceedsfrom him that liketh not that grace should be king on the throne, and should proceedout of the throne to the world; but "shall he that contendeth with the Almightyinstruct him?" He that reproveth God, let him answer it (Job 40:2).

The text says,[12] that this very doctrine to the Greeks, to the wise, is foolishness,and the preaching of it a foolish thing to them; but it will appear even then, whenthe conclusion of all things is come, and when these wise ones, by their wisdom,have fooled themselves to hell, that this "foolishness of God is wiser thanmen, and the weakness of God is stronger than men" (1 Cor 1:21-25).

Christ Jesus, because he was low in the world, is trampled upon by some, but he isa glorious throne to his Father's house: for since his humility was the lowest ofall, now he is exalted to be the throne of God, yea, is made the fountain whencegrace continually flows, like the rivers, and comes down to us like a mighty stream.Wherefore, I will conclude this with both comfort and caution: with comfort, andthat because of the security that they are under that indeed have submitted themselvesto grace; "sin shall not have dominion over you; for ye are not under the law,but under grace." And let it be a caution to those that despise. Take heed,it is dangerous affronting of the wisdom of God. Now here is the wisdom of God, evenwisdom upon the throne. It pleased God, for the glory of his wisdom, to make thisthe way: to wit, to set up grace to reign. I have often thought, and sometimes said,if God will be pleased with any way, surely he will be pleased with his own. Nowthis is the way of his own devising, the fruit and effect of his own wisdom; wherefore,sinner, please him, please him in that wherein he is well pleased. Come to the waters,cast thyself into them, and fear not drowning; let God alone to cause them to carrythee into his paradise, that thou mayest see his throne.

Sixth. The throne is the seat of faithfulness, the place of performing of engagementsand promises. "When I shall receive the congregation," saith Christ, "Iwill judge uprightly," that is faithfully (Psa 75:2). And now he has receivedit, and is made head over all things to it (Eph 1:22,23). And for this cause is heupon the throne, yea, is the throne, from whence proceeds all this grace, that likea river doth flow, and glide from heaven into the world. This river, then, is nothingelse but the fulfilling of promises; the faithful fulfilling of promises. "IfI go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will sendhim unto you" (John 16:7). "This is that which was spoken by the prophetJoel; And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of mySpirit upon all flesh," &c. (Acts 2:16-18). Now this river is the Spirit,the Spirit and grace of God, which was promised by the Father and the Son, and nowit comes running from the throne of God and of the Lamb. For "being by the righthand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost,he hath shed forth this which ye now see and hear" (Acts 2:33).

Behold, then, how mindful, how careful, how faithful our Father and the Lamb of Godis! It is not exaltation, nor glory, nor a crown, nor a kingdom, nor a throne, thatshall make him neglect his poor ones on earth. Yea, therefore, even because he isexalted and on the throne, therefore it is that such a river, with it's golden streams,proceeds from the throne to come unto us. And it shall proceed to be far higher thanever was the swellings of Jordan. True, it runs not so high now as in former days,because of the curse of God upon Antichrist, by whose means the land of God's peopleis full of briers and thorns (Isa 32:13-17). But when the tide is at the lowest,then it is nearest the rising; and this river will rise, and in little time be nomore so low as but ankle-deep; it will be up to the knees, to the loins, and be abroad river to swim in (Eze 47). For "there the glorious Lord will be unto usa place of broad rivers and streams" (Isa 33:21). "And there shall be nomore curse" in the church, "but the throne of God and of the Lamb shallbe in it, and his servants shall serve him" without molestation (Rev 22:3-6).

"These sayings are faithful and true," and in faithfulness shall they,from the throne of God and of the Lamb, be performed to the church. Faithfulnessin him that rules, is that which makes Sion rejoice; because thereby the promisesyield milk and honey. For now the faithful God, that keepeth covenant, performs tohis church that which he told her he would. Wherefore, our rivers shall run, andour brooks yield honey and butter (Job 20:17). Let this teach all God's people toexpect, to look, and wait for good things from the throne. But, O! methinks thisthrone, out of which good comes like a river! who would not be a subject to it? whowould not but worship before it? But,

Seventh. A throne is "the seat of justice." "Justice and judgmentare the habitation of thy throne" (Psa 89:14). And it is also from justice thatthis river of grace flows to us: justice to Christ, and justice to those that arefound in him (Rom 3:24). God declares that he can justly justify, and justly forgive(1 John 1:9). Now, if he can justly justify and justly forgive, then can he givegrace, and cause that it should proceed to, yea, flow after us as a river (1 Cor10:4). The river that gushed out of the rock in the wilderness ran after the peoplethere, wherefore they wandered therein. They drank of the rock that followed them;the rock was not removed out of his place, but the flood followed them whither theywent. "He opened the rock and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry placeslike a river" (Psa 105:41). This rock, saith he, was Christ, that is, figuratively:and this throne is Christ really: and the water gushing out of the rock, and followingof them in the wilderness, was to show how, when Christ became a throne, grace andgoodness should follow us in the wilderness from thence so long as here we abide.Wherefore David, considering this, said, "Surely goodness and mercy shall FOLLOWme all the days of my life, and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever"(Psa 23:6).

But whence must this come? The text says from the throne; from the throne, the seatof justice; for from thence, by reason of what HE hath found in Christ for us, he,in a way of righteousness and justice, lets out to us rivers of his pleasures; whoseoriginal is that great and wide sea of mercy that flows in his infinite heart beyondthought.

All is paid for both US and grace (John 7:39). We are bought with a price (1 Cor6:20). He has obtained eternal redemption for us (Heb 9:12). Yea, and as we are madehis, and heaven made ours thus, so this river of grace has been also obtained byhim for us (John 7:38). Wherefore, all comes to us in a way of justice and righteousness.Hence we are said to obtain "faith through the righteousness of God" (2Peter 1:1), that is, through the justice of God, and of Jesus our Lord. Mark, hereis the justice of God, and the justice of Jesus our Lord; and we have our faith fromthe justice of God, because of the righteousness of Jesus our Lord; that is, Jesusanswered with works of justice the demands of justice; and therefore, in a way ofjustice, grace reigns, and comes to us like a river, as is signified, for that itis said to come to us out of the throne.

Again, grace is said "to reign through righteousness unto eternal life"(Rom 5:21). Through what righteousness? the righteousness or justice of God by JesusChrist our Lord. By Jesus Christ, or for his sake. For for his sake, as I said, weare forgiven; and for his sake have all things pertaining to life and godliness.Which all things come to us, through, or down, the stream of this river in a wayof justice; and, therefore, it is said to come from the throne.

Eighth. This throne is the seat of grace and mercy; and, therefore, it is calledthe mercy-seat and throne of grace. This throne turns all into grace, all into mercy.This throne makes all things work together for good. It is said of Saul's sons, theywere not buried after they were hanged, until water dropped upon them out of heaven(2 Sam 21:10,14). And it may be said of us there is nothing suffered to come nearus, until it is washed in that water that proceeds from the throne of grace. Henceafflictions flow from grace (Psa 119:67), persecutions flow from grace; poverty,sickness, yea, death itself is now made ours by the grace of God through Christ (1Cor 3:22; Rev 3:19; Heb 12:5-7). O grace, O happy church of God! all things thathappen to thee are, for Christ's sake, turned into grace. They talk of the philosopher'sstone, and how, if one had it, it would turn all things into gold. O! but can itturn all things into grace? can it make all things work together for good? No, no,this quality, virtue, excellency, what shall I call it, nothing has in it, but thegrace that reigns on the throne of grace, the river that proceeds from the throneof God. This, this turns majesty, authority, the highest authority, glory, wisdom,faithfulness, justice, and all into grace. Here is a throne! God let us see it. Johnhad the honour to see it, and to see the streams proceeding from it. O sweet sight!O heart-ravishing sight! "He showed me a pure river of water of life proceedingout of the throne of God."

Indeed, as was hinted before, in the days of the reign of Antichrist there are notthose visions of this throne, nor of the river that proceedeth therefrom. Now heholdeth back the face of his throne, and spreadeth a cloud upon it; but the preserving,saving benefits thereof we have, as also have all the saints, in the most cloudyand dark day. And since we can see so little, we must believe the more; and by believing,give glory to God. We must also labour for more clear Scripture knowledge of thisthrone; for the holy Word of God is the perspective glass by which we may, and themagnifying glass that will cause us to behold, "with open face, the glory ofthe Lord" (2 Cor 3:18).

But, methinks, I have yet said nothing of this throne, which is indeed none otherbut the spotless and glorified humanity of the Son of God. This throne is the LordJesus, this grace comes from the Divine Majesty, as dwelling bodily in the Lord Jesus.Wherefore let us fall down before the throne, and cast our crowns at the foot ofthe throne, and give thanks to him that sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb forever and ever. O how should Jesus be esteemed of! The throne of the king is a royalseat: it is said of Solomon's, "there was not the like made in any kingdom"(1 Kings 10:20). But of this it may be said there is not it's like in heaven andearth. At the setting up of this throne, the angels flocked round about it, and thebeasts and the elders gathered together to see it (Rev 4). When this throne was setin heaven, there was silence, all the heavenly host had no leisure to talk; theywere surprised with sight and wonder. When this throne was set in heaven, what talkthere was! it was as the music of the trumpet.[13]

"And behold," says John, "a door was opened in heaven; and the firstvoice which I heard was, as it were, of a trumpet talking with me, which said, Comeup hither, and I will show thee things which must be hereafter. And immediately Iwas in the Spirit, and behold a THRONE WAS SET IN HEAVEN, and one sat upon the throne."

This throne was Jesus Christ exalted, SET, that is, lifted up, not as upon the crossto the contempt and scorn of his person, but, as I said, to the wonderment of thefour beasts, and the elders, and all the angels in heaven. "A throne was setin heaven, and one sat upon the throne"; that is, God. And this intimates hisdesirable rest for ever: for to sit is to rest, and Christ is his rest for ever.Was it not, therefore, well worth the seeing? Yea, if John had taken the pains togo up thither upon his hands and knees, I say, to see the Lord Jesus as a throneset in heaven, and the glory of God resting and abiding upon him, and giving outby him all things, not only his Word, but all his dispensations and providences,to the end of the world; and this blessed thing among the rest, even "a pureriver of water of life, clear as crystal," [how richly would he have been rewardedfor his pains].


[THE NATURE AND QUALITY OF THIS WATER.]

[FOURTH.] But I leave this, and proceed to the fourth and last thing, namely, tothe nature and quality of this water. It is said to be pure and clear; pure and clearas crystal. "And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal."I know that there is a two-fold quality in a thing, one with respect to it's nature,and the other with respect to it's operation. The first of these is inherent, andremaineth in the subject being as such, and so for the most part useless. The otheris put forth then when it meeteth with fit matter on which it may freely work. Asto instance aquae vitae, the very metaphor here made use of, hath a quality inherentin it, but keep it stopped up in a bottle, and then who will may faint notwithstanding;but apply it, apply it fitly, and to such as have need thereof, and then you maysee it's quality by the operation. This water, or river of grace, is called, I say,the water of life, and so, consequently, has a most blessed inherent quality; butit's operation is seen by it's working, the which it doth only then when it is administeredand received for those ends for which it is administered. For then it revives wherelife is, and gives life where it is not. And thus far, in the general, have we spokento it already. We will, therefore, in this place more particularly, though briefly,speak a few words unto it.

[The operative quality of this water.]

FIRST. Then this water of life is the very groundwork of life in us, though not thegroundwork of life for us. The groundwork of life for us is the passion and meritsof Christ, this is that for the sake of which grace is given unto us, as it is intimatedby the text; it proceeds from the throne of God, who is Christ. Christ then havingobtained grace for us, must needs be precedent, as to his merit, to that grace hehath so obtained. Besides, it is clear that the Spirit and grace come from God throughhim; therefore, as to the communications of grace to us, it is the fruit of his meritand purchase. But, I say, in us grace is the groundwork of life; for though we maybe said before to live virtually in the person of Christ before God, yet we are deadin ourselves, and so must be until the Spirit be poured upon us from on high; forthe Spirit is life, and it's graces are life, and when that is infused by God fromthe throne, then we live, and not till then. And hence it is called, as before, livingwater, the water of life springing up in us to everlasting life. The Spirit, then,and graces of the Spirit, which is the river here spoken of, is that, and that only,which can cause us to live; that being life to the soul, as the soul is life to thebody. All men, therefore, as was said before, though elect, though purchased by theblood of Christ, are dead, and must be dead, until the Spirit of life from God andhis throne shall enter into them; until they shall drink it in by vehement thirst,as the parched ground drinks in the rain.[14]

Now when this living water is received, it takes up it's seat in the heart, whenceit spreads itself to the awakening of all the powers of the soul. For, as in thefirst creation, the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters, in order toputting of that creature into that excellent fashion and harmony which now we beholdwith our eyes; even so the new creation, to wit, the making of us new to God, isdone by the overspreading of the same Spirit also. For the Spirit, as I may so say,sitteth and broodeth upon the powers of the soul, as the hen doth on cold eggs, tillthey wax warm and receive life. The Spirit, then, warmeth us, and bringeth the deadand benumbed soul—for so it is before conversion— to a godly sense and understandingof states, of states both natural and spiritual; and this is the beginning of thework of the Spirit, by which the soul is made capable of understanding what God andhimself is.

And this drinking in of the Spirit is rather as the ground drinks in rain, than asa rational soul does through sense of the want thereof.

The Spirit also garnisheth the soul with such things as are proper for it, to themaking of it live that life that by the Word of God is called for.

It implanteth light, repentance, faith, fear, love, desires after God, hope, sincerity,and what else is necessary for the making the man a saint; these things, I say, arethe fruits and effects of this Spirit which, as a river of water of life, proceedethforth of the throne of God and of the Lamb. Hence the Spirit is called the Spiritof faith, the Spirit of love, and the Spirit of a sound mind; for that the Spiritis the root and original of all these things, by his operations in, and upon, theface of the soul (2 Cor 4:13; Gal 5:22; 2 Tim 1:7).

But, again, as this living water, this Spirit and the grace thereof, doth thus, soit also maintains these things once planted in the soul, by it's continual wateringsof them in the soul. Hence he saith, "I will water it every moment"; waterIT—his vineyard, the soul of the church, the graces of the church; and so the souland graces of every godly man (Isa 27:3).

And because it so happeneth sometimes, that some of those things wherewith the HolyGhost has beautified the soul may languish to a being, if not quite dead, yet "readyto die" (Rev 3:2), therefore he doth not only refresh and water our souls, butrenews the face thereof, by either quickening to life that which remains, or by supplyingof us with that which is new, to our godly perseverance and everlasting life. Thus"thou visitest the earth, and waterest it; thou greatly enrichest it with theriver of God" (Psa 65:9).

For this must be remembered, that as the herb that is planted, or seed sown, needswatering with continual showers of the mountains, so our graces, implanted in usby the Spirit of grace, must also be watered by the rain of heaven. "Thou waterestthe ridges thereof abundantly: thou settlest the furrows thereof: thou makes it softwith showers: thou blessest the springing thereof" (Psa 65:10). Hence he saysthat our graces shall grow. But how? "I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shallgrow as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon. His branches shall spread,and his beauty shall be as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon. They that dwellunder his shadow shall return; they shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine:the scent thereof shall be as the wine of Lebanon" (Hosea 14:5- 7). Or, as hesaith in another place, "The Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfythy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden,and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not" (Isa 58:11).

There is, besides this, another blessing that comes to us by this living water, andthat is, the blessing of communion. All the warmth that we have in our communion,it is the warmth of the Spirit: when a company of saints are gathered together inthe name of Christ, to perform any spiritual exercise, and their souls be edified,warmed, and made glad therein, it is because this water, this river of water of life,has, in some of the streams thereof, run into that assembly (Jer 31:12,13). Thenare Christians like those that drink wine in bowls, merry and glad; for that theyhave drank into the Spirit, and had their souls refreshed with the sweet gales andstrong wine thereof. This is the feast that Isaiah speaks of, when he saith, "Inthis mountain shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things,a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the leeswell refined" (Isa 25:6). This is called in another place, "the communionof the Holy Ghost" (2 Cor 13:14). Now he warmeth spirits, uniteth spirits, enlightenethspirits; revives, cherisheth, quickeneth, strengtheneth graces; renews assurances,brings old comforts to mind, weakens lusts, emboldeneth and raiseth a spirit of faith,of love, of hope, of prayer, and makes the Word a blessing, conference a blessing,meditation a blessing, and duty very delightful to the soul. Without this water oflife, communion is weak, flat, cold, dead, fruitless, lifeless; there is nothingseen, felt, heard, or understood in a spiritual and heart-quickening way. Now ordinancesare burdensome, sins strong, faith weak, hearts hard, and the faces of our soulsdry, like the dry and parched ground.

This drink also revives us when tempted, when sick, when persecuted, when in thedark, and when we faint for thirst. The life of religion is this water of life: wherethat runs, where that is received, and where things are done in this spirit, thereall things are well; the church thrifty, the soul thrifty, graces thrifty, and allis well. And this hint I thought convenient to be given of this precious water oflife, that is, with reference to the operative quality of it.

[The other qualities of this water.]

SECOND. I shall come, in the next place, to speak of it, as to the other descriptionswhich John doth give us of it. He says it is, First, pure; Second, clear; Third,clear to a comparison: "And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clearas crystal."

[First. The purity of this water.]

1. You read here that this water of life is PURE, that is, alone without mixture,for so sometimes that word PURE is to be understood. As where it saith, pure, "pureolive oil" (Exo 27:20). "Pure frankincense" (Exo 30:34). "Puregold" (Exo 25:11,17). "Pure blood of the grape" (Deut 32:14), andthe like. So then, when he saith, "he showed me a pure river of water of life,"it is as if he had said he showed me a river of water that was all living, all life,and had nothing in it but life. There was no death, or deadness, or flatness in it;or, as he saith a little after, "and there shall be no more curse." A pureriver. There is not so much as a grudge, or a piece of an upbraiding speech foundtherein. There is in it nothing but heart, nothing but love, nothing but grace, nothingbut life. "The gifts and calling of God are without repentance" (Rom 11:29).

2. PURE is sometimes set in opposition to show or appearance; as where he says, "thestars are not pure" (Job 25:5). That is, not so without mixture of darkness,as they seem to be: so again, "If thou wert pure and upright" (Job 8:6):that is, as thou seemest to be, or as thou wouldst have us believe thou art.

Now, take pure in this sense here, and then the meaning is, it is grace without deceit,without guile; it's show and it's substance are the same; it has nothing but substancein it; it is indeed what it seems to be in bulk; it is a river in show and a riverindeed. It comes from God and from his throne in appearance, and really it comesfrom his very heart.

The great fear of the tempted is, that there is not so much grace in God, and thathe is not so free of it as some scriptures seem to import. But this word PURE islevelled against such objections and objectors, for the destroying of their doubts,and the relieving of their souls. There is no fraud, nor guile, nor fable in thebusiness; for though God is pleased to present us with his grace under the notionof a river, it is not to delude our fancies thereby; but to give us some small illustrationof the exceeding riches of his grace, which as far, for quantity, outstrips the biggestrivers, as the most mighty mountain doth the least ant's egg or atom in the world.

3. But, again, this word PURE is set in opposition to that which is hurtful and destructive:"I am pure from the blood of all men," that is, I have hurt nobody (Acts20:26). "The wisdom that is from above is first pure," it is not hurtful(James 3:17). Do you count them pure with the wicked balances? how can that be, sincethey are hurtful? (Micah 6:11).

Now take PURE in this sense here, and then it intimates, that the grace of God, andthe doctrine of grace, is not a hurtful thing. It is not as wine of an intoxicatingnature. If a man be filled with it, it will do him no harm (Eph 5:18). The best ofthe things that are of this world are some way hurtful. Honey is hurtful (Prov 25:16,27).Wine is hurtful (Prov 20:1). Silver and gold are hurtful, but grace is not hurtful(1 Tim 6:10). Never did man yet catch harm by the enjoyment and fulness of the graceof God. There is no fear of excess or of surfeiting here. Grace makes no man proud,no man wanton, no man haughty, no man careless or negligent as to his duty that isincumbent upon him, either from God or man: no, grace keeps a man low in his owneyes, humble, self-denying, penitent, watchful, savoury in good things, charitable,and makes him kindly affectionated to the brethren, pitiful and courteous to allmen.

True, there are men in the world that abuse the grace of God, as some are said toturn it into wantonness and into lasciviousness (Jude 4). But this is, not becausegrace has any such tendency, or for that it worketh any such effect; but becausesuch men are themselves empty of grace, and have only done as death and hell hathdone with wisdom, "heard the fame thereof with their ears" (Job 28:22).It is a dangerous thing for a man to have the notions of grace, while his heart isvoid of the spirit and holy principles of grace; for such a man can do no other thanabuse the grace of God. Alas, what can be expected of him that has nothing in himto teach him to manage that knowledge of grace which he has, but his flesh, his lusts,and lustful passions? Can these teach him to manage his knowledge well? Will theynot rather put him upon all tricks, evasions, irreligious consequences and conclusions,such as will serve to cherish sin? What Judas did with Christ, that a graceless manwill do with grace, even make it a stalking horse to his fleshly and vile designs;and rather than fail betray both it, and the profession of it, to the greatest enemiesit has in the world.

And here I may say, though grace is pure, and not hurtful at all, yet one altogethercarnal, sinful, and graceless, having to do with the doctrine of it, by the forceof his lusts which tamper with it, he will unavoidably bring himself into the highestruin thereby. An unwary man may destroy himself by the best of things, not becausethere is in such things an aptness to destroy, but because of the abuse and misuseof them. Some know the way of life, the water of life, by knowledge that is nakedand speculative only; and it had been better for such if they had not known, thanto know and turn from what they know; than to know, and make the knowledge subservientto their lusts (2 Peter 2:20-22). Some receive the rain of God, and the droppingsof his clouds, because they continually sit under the means of his grace. But, alas!they receive it as stones receive showers, or as dunghills receive the rain; theyeither abide as hard stones still, or else return nothing to heaven for his mercy,but as the dunghills do, a company of stinking fumes. These are they that drink inthe rain that comes often upon them, and that instead of bringing forth herbs meetfor the dresser, bring forth briers and thorns; and these are they who are nigh untocursing, whose end is to be burned (Heb 6:7,8).

By this word PURE I understand sometimes the chiefest good, the highest good. Thereare many things that may be called good, but none of them are good as grace is good.All things indeed are pure, that is, all creatures in themselves are good and serviceableto man, but they are not so good as grace (Rom 14:20; Gen 1:31). "There is ageneration that are pure," that are good in their own eyes (Prov 30:12). Thereare good men, good consciences, good works, good days, good angels, &c., butnone so good as grace, for it is grace that has made them so. Grace, this water oflife, therefore is good, superlatively good, good in the highest degree, for thatit makes all things good, and preserveth them good. And whatever it be that thiswater of life washeth not, it is soil, and given to the curse, as the prophet intimateswhere he saith, "But the miry places thereof, and the marshes thereof, shallnot be healed; they shall be given to salt" (Eze 47:1).

But who understands this, who believes it? Its goodness is kept close from the fowlsof the air. Men, most men, are ignorant of the goodness of it, nor do they care toinquire after the enjoyment of this pure, this good water of life. The reason is,because though it is good in itself, good in the highest degree, and that which makesall things good, yet it is not such a good as is suited to a carnal appetite. Thereis good; and there is suitable good. Now suitable good is of two sorts: either suchas is spiritual, or such as is temporal. That which is spiritual, is desired onlyof them that are spiritual; for temporal good will satisfy a carnal mind. Now graceis a spiritual good; this river of grace is the goodness of spiritual good. It isthe original life of all the grace in our souls. No marvel, then, if it be so littleset by of those that are carnally minded. They will serve a horse, and mire willserve a sow; so things of this life suit best with the men of this world; for theirappetite is gross and carnal, and they savour not the things that be of the Spiritof God. "The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God,"the things that be of this river of God; "for they are foolishness unto him:neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned" (1 Cor 2:14).This is the river of OIL which the prophet speaks of, the river of SPIRIT. Were ita river of gold and silver, there would be old fishing on the banks thereof. Butit is a river that runs "like oil, saith the Lord God" (Eze 32:14). Thisrock pours us out "rivers of oil" (Job 29:6)—"fresh oil" (Psa92:10)—"soft oil" (Psa 55:21)—"the oil of joy" (Isa 61:3)—"theoil of gladness" (Psa 45:7)—oil to anoint the head withal (Eccl 9:8)—oil tomake the face to shine (Psa 104:15)—oil by which thou wilt be made able to honourboth God and man in some good measure as becomes thee (Judg 9:9).

I might have enlarged upon this head, and have showed you many more particulars whereinthis term of pure might serve for the better setting forth of the excellency of thiswater of life, but I shall proceed no further upon this, but will come to that whichremains.

[Second. The clearness of this water of life.]

As this river of water of life is said to be pure, so it is said to be CLEAR. "Heshewed me a pure river of water of life, clear." This term has also it's particularsignification, and, therefore, ought to be heeded.

1. CLEAR is set in opposition to dark; therefore some are said to be "clearas the sun" (Cant 6:10). And again, "the light shall not be clear nor dark"(Zech 14:6). In both these places, clear is to be taken for light, daylight, sunlight;for, indeed, it is never day nor sunshine with the soul, until the streams of thisriver of water of life come gliding to our doors, into our houses, into our hearts.Hence the beginning of conversion is called illumination (Heb 10:32). Yea, the comingof this river of water of life unto us is called the day-spring from on high, throughthe tender mercy of our God (Luke 1:78). It is also called the dawning of the day(2 Peter 1:19). And hence, again, these men unto whom this river of water of lifecomes not, are said to be dark, darkness. "Ye were sometimes darkness, but noware ye light in the Lord" (Eph 5:8). Wherefore, this water is like Jonathan'shoney; it hath a faculty to open the eyes, to make them that sit in darkness seea great light (1 Sam 14:27; Matt 4:16). The light of the knowledge of the glory ofGod in the faith of Jesus Christ; "God, who commanded the light to shine outof darkness, hath shined in our hearts to give the light"; the Spirit that enlightenethand giveth the light, "of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of JesusChrist" (2 Cor 4:6). This river casteth beams where it goes, like the beamsof the sun; it shines, it casts out rays of glory unto those that drink thereof.The streams of this grace were they that overtook Saul when he was going to Damascus;they were the waters of this flood that compassed him round about. And if you willbelieve him, he saith this light from heaven was a great light, a light above thebrightness of the sun, a light that did by the glory of it make dark to him all thethings in the world (Acts 9:3, 22:6, 26:13).

2. CLEAR is set in opposition to that which is not pleasing. For to be clear is tobe pleasant. Hence it is said, "truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thingit is for the eyes to behold the sun" (Eccl 11:7). I read of rivers that lookedred as blood, that stank like the blood of a dead man, but this is no such river(Exo 7:19,20; 2 Kings 3:22,23). I read of rivers whose streams are like streams ofbrimstone, fiery streams, streams of burning pitch, but this is none of them (Isa30:27-33; David 7:9-11; Isa 34:9). "There is a river" besides all these,clear and pleasant, "the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God"(Psa 46:4).

There are the waters that the doves love to sit by, because by the clearness of thesestreams they can see their pretty selves, as in a glass (Cant 5:12).

These are the streams where the doves wash their eyes, and by which they solace themselves,and take great content. These streams are instead, as I said, of a looking-glass;their clearness presents us with an opportunity of seeing our own features. As infair waters a man may see the body of the sun, and of the moon, and of the stars,and the very body of heaven; so he that stands upon the bank of this river, and thatwasheth his eyes with this water, may see the Son of God, the stars of God, the gloryof God, and the habitation that God has prepared for his people. And are not thesepleasant sights? is not this excellent water? has not this river pleasant streams?

3. CLEAR is set in opposition to dirty water and muddiness. I read of some watersthat are fouled with the feet of beasts, and with the feet of men, yea, and deepwaters too. Yea, saith God to some, ye "have drunk of the deep waters,"and have fouled "the residue with your feet"; and again, "As for myflock, they eat that which ye have trodden with your feet, and they drink that whichye have fouled with your feet" (Eze 34:18,19). These waters are doctrines containedin the text, muddied and dirtied by the false glosses and sluttish opinions of erroneousjudgments, of which the poor sheep have been made to drink. And, verily, this isapparent enough by the very colour and hue of those poor souls; for though the truthof God was in them, yet the very stain of tradition and superstition might be alsoseen in their scales. For as the fish of the river receive, by being there, the changeablecolours of the waters, so professors, what doctrine they hear and drink, do looklike that. If their doctrines are muddy, their notions are muddy; if their doctrinesare bloody, their notions and tempers are bloody: but if their doctrines are clear,so are their notions, for their doctrine has given them a clear understanding ofthings.[15]

Now, here we have a river of water of life that is clear— clear without dirt andmud—clear without the human inventions and muddy conceptions of unsanctified anduninstructed judgments; yea, here you have a river the streams whereof lie open toall in the church, so that they need not those instruments of conveyance that arefoul, and that use to make water stink, if they receive it to bring it to them thathave need.

4. By clear we sometimes understand purgation; or that a thing has purged itself,or is purged from those soils and imputations of evil wherewith sometimes they havebeen charged. "Then thou shalt be clear from this my oath"; or, "Howshall we clear ourselves?" (Gen 24:8-14, 44:16). Something of this sense maybe in the text; for if men are not afraid to charge God with folly, which is intimatedby "that thou mightest be clear when thou judgest" (Psa 51:4), will they,think you, be afraid to impute evil to his Word, and grace, and Spirit? No, verily;they are bold enough at this work. Nay, more than this, even from the foundationof the world, men have cast slanders upon, and imputed based things into the blessedgrace of the gospel. But not to look so far back. Paul was one of the pipes throughwhich God conveyed this grace to the world; and what was he counted for his so doing,but "a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition - throughout the world"(Acts 24:5,6). But, behold, no imputation can stick on the grace of God—not sticklong; for that, like honey, will purge itself of what filth is put upon it, and ofall bad imputations of evil men's springs, and rivers are of a self-purging quality.Now, here we have to do with a river—a river of water of life; but a river more slanderedthan ever did Naaman the Syrian slander the waters of Israel in preferring thoseof Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, beyond them (2 Kings 5:10-12). But beholdnow, at last, when all the world have done what they can, and cast what reproachesand slanders upon it they are able, it is a river pure and clear. It has purged itselfbefore kings—it has purged itself before princes and judges, and all the Naamansin the world; it is still a river—a river of water of life—a river of water of lifeCLEAR.

5. By clear we sometimes understand purity manifest, or innocency and goodness madeknown. "In all things ye have approved yourselves to be CLEAR in this matter"(2 Cor 7:11). That is, you have made it appear, and stand upon your justification,and are willing to be searched and sounded to the bottom by those that have a desireto undertake that work. So this river of water of life in the fountain, and in thestreams thereof, offer themselves to the consideration and conscience of all men.To this end how often doth God, the head of this river, and he out of whose throneit proceeds, call upon men to challenge him, if they can, with any evil or misdoingtowards them, either by presence or doctrine; hence he says, "Put me in remembrance;let us plead together; declare thou," if thou canst, "that thou mayestbe justified," and I condemned (Isa 43:26). So again: "What iniquity haveyour fathers found in me, that they are gone far from me, and have walked after vanity,and are become vain?" (Jer 2:5). So Christ: "Which of you convinceth meof sin?" (John 8:46). And "If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil"(John 18:23). So Paul: We "have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty, notwalking in craftiness, nor handling the Word of God deceitfully; but by manifestationof the truth commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God"(2 Cor 4:2). All these sentences are chiefly to be applied to doctrine, and so are,as it were, an offer to any, if they can, to find a speck, or a spot, or a wrinkle,or any such thing in this river of water of life.

Some men fly from it as from a bear; and some are afraid to drink of it, for fearit should be poison unto them. Some, again, dare not take it because it is not mixed,and as they, poor souls, imagine, qualified and made toothsome by a little of thatwhich is called the wisdom of this world. Thus one shucks,[16] another shrinks, andanother will none of God. Meanwhile, whoso shall please to look into this river shallfind it harmless and clear; yea, offering itself to the consciences of all men tomake trial if it be not the only chief good, the only necessary waters, the onlyprofitable, for the health of the soul, of all the things that are in the world,and as clear of mischief as is the sun of spots.

[Third.—this river is clear to the most perfect comparison.]

As John saw this river pure and clear, so he saw it clear to a comparison. Clearto the best of comparisons, clear as crystal. Crystal is a very clear stone, as clearas the clearest glass, if not clearer; one may see far into it, yea, through it;it is without those spots, and streaks, and smirches that are in other precious stones.Wherefore, when he saith that this river is clear as crystal, it is as if God shouldsay, Look, sinners, look to the bottom of these my crystal streams. I have heardof some seas that are so pure and clear, that a man may see to the bottom thoughthey may be forty feet deep. I know this river of water of life is a deep river;but though it is said to be deep, it is not said we can see no bottom. Indeed, asto the wideness of it, it is said to be such as that it cannot be passed over; butI say, it is nowhere said that we cannot see to the bottom; nay, the comparison impliesthat a man with good eyes may see to the bottom. It is clear, as clear as crystal.So, then, we will a little look down to the bottom, and see, through these crystalstreams, what is at the bottom of all.

1. Then the bottom of all is, "That we might be saved" (John 5:34). "Thesethings I say," saith Christ, "that ye might be saved"; and, again,"I am come that you might have life, and that you might have it more abundantly"(John 10:10). This is the bottom of this great river of water of life, and of it'sproceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb: it is that we might be saved;it is that we might live. What a good bottom is here! what a sound bottom is here!But few deep rivers have a good bottom. Mud is at the bottom of most waters in theworld; even the sea itself, when it worketh, casts up mire and dirt, and so do thehearts of sinners; but the bottom of this grace of God, and of the Spirit and Wordthereof, is that we might be saved, consequently a very good bottom.

2. As the bottom of all is, "that we may be saved," so that we may be savedby grace, and this is a bottom sounder and sounder. Our salvation might have beenlaid upon a more difficult bottom than this. It might have been laid on our works.God might have laid it there, and have been just, or he might have left us to havelaid it where we would; and then, to be sure, we had laid it there, and so had madebut a muddy bottom to have gone upon to life. But now, this river of water of life,it has a better bottom; the water of life is as clear as crystal, look down to thebottom and see, we are "justified freely by his grace" (Rom 3:24). "Bygrace ye are saved," there is the bottom (Eph 2:5,8).

Now, grace, as I have showed you, is a firm bottom to stand on; it is of grace thatlife might be sure (Rom 4:16). Surely David was not here, or surely this was notthe river that he spake of when he said, "I sink in deep mire, where there isno standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me. Deliver meout of the mire, and let me not sink" (Psa 69:2,14). I say, to be sure thiscould not be the river. No, David was now straggled out of the way, was tumbled intosome pit, or into some muddy and dirty hole; for as for this river it has a goodbottom, a bottom of salvation by grace, and a man needs not cry out when he is herethat he sinks, or that he is in danger of being drowned in mud or mire.

3. The bottom of all is, as I said, that we might be saved, saved by grace, and Iwill add, "through the redemption that is in Christ." This is still betterand better. We read that, when Israel came over Jordan, the feet of the priests thatdid bear the ark stood on firm ground in the bottom, and that they set up great stonesfor a memorial thereof (Josh 3:17, 4:1-3). But had Jordan so good a bottom as hasthis most blessed river of water of life, or were the stones that Israel took outthence like this "tried stone," this "sure foundation?" (Isa28:16). O the throne! this river comes out of the throne, and we are saved by gracethrough the redemption that is in him. We read that there is a city that has foundations;grace is one, Christ another, and the truth of all the prophets and apostles, asto their true doctrine, another, &c. (Heb 11:10). And again, all these are thevery bottom of this goodly river of the water of life (Eph 2:19,20).

4. There is another thing to be seen at the bottom of this holy river, and that is,the glory of God; we are saved, saved by grace, saved by grace through the redemptionthat is in Christ to the praise and glory of God. And what a good bottom is here.Grace will not fail, Christ has been sufficiently tried, and God will not lose hisglory. Therefore they that drink of this river shall doubtless be saved; to wit,they that drink of it of a spiritual appetite to it. And thus much for the explicationof the text.


[THE APPLICATION OF THE WHOLE.]

I now come to make some use of the whole.

You know our discourse has been at this time of the water of life, of it's quantity,head-spring, and quality; and I have showed you that it's nature is excellent, it'squantity abundant, it's head-spring glorious, and it's quality singularly good.

FIRST. Let this, then, in the first place, be a provocation to us to be more freein making use of this water. There are many, now-a-days, that are for inventing ofwaters, to drink for the health of the body; and to allure those that are ill tobuy, they will praise their waters beyond their worth. Yea, and if they be helpfulto one person in a hundred, they make as if they could cure every one. Well, hereyou have the great Physician himself, with his water, and he calls it the water oflife, water of life for the soul: this water is probatum est.[17] It has been provedtimes without number; it never fails but where it is not taken (Acts 26:18; Isa 5:4,5).No disease comes amiss to it; it cures blindness, deadness, deafness, dumbness. Itmakes "the lips of those that are asleep to speak" (Cant 7:9). This isthe right HOLY WATER,[18] all other is counterfeit: it will drive away devils andspirits; it will cure enchantments and witchcrafts; it will heal the mad and lunatic(Gal 3:1-3; Mark 16:17,18). It will cure the most desperate melancholy; it will dissolvedoubts and mistrusts, though they are grown as hard as stone in the heart (Eze 36:26).It will make you speak well (Col 4:6). It will make you have a white soul, and thatis better than to have a white skin (Eze 36:25,26). It will make you taste well;it will make you disrelish all hurtful meats (Isa 30:22). It will beget in you agood appetite to that which is good; it will remove obstructions in the stomach andliver. It will cause that what you receive of God's bread shall turn to good nourishment,and make good blood. In a word, it preserveth life (John 4:14). They that take thiswater shall live longer than did old Methuselah, and yet he lived a great while (Gen5:27).

Wherefore, let me continue my exhortation to you. Be more free in making use of thiswater; it is the wholesomest water in the world; you may take it at the third, sixth,ninth, or eleventh hour, but to take it in the morning of your age is best (Matt20:3-6). For then diseases have not got so great a head as when they are of longcontinuance, consequently they will be removed with far more ease; besides, thosethat thus do will receive endless life, and the comfort of it betimes; and that,you know, is a double life to one (Eccl 11:1-4).

This water gently purges, and yet more effectually than any others. True, where badhumours are more tough and churlish, it will show itself stronger of operation, forthere is no disease can be too hard for it. It will, as we say, throw the house outof the windows; but it will rid us of the plague of those most deadly infectionsthat otherwise will be sure to make us sleep in death, and bring us, with the multitude,down to hell. But it will do no hurt; it only breaks our sleep in security, and bringsus to a more quick apprehension of the plague of our heart and flesh. It will, asI said before, provoke to appetite, but make us only long after that which is wholesome.If any ask why I thus allegorize, I answer, the text doth lead me to it.

SECOND. I advise, therefore, in the next place, that thou get thee a dwelling-placeby these waters. "The beloved of the Lord shall dwell in safety by him, andthe Lord shall cover him all the day long" (Deut 33:12). If thou ask where thatdwelling is, I answer, in the city of God, in and among the tabernacles of the MostHigh. This river comes from the throne to water the city of God; and to that endit is said to run "in the midst of the street of it" (Rev 22:2). If yewill inquire, inquire, return, come. "The seed also of his servants shall inheritit, and they that love his name shall dwell therein" (Psa 69:36). Get thee adwelling in Jerusalem, in the midst of Jerusalem, and then thou wilt be seated bythis river.

In old times, the ancients had their habitations by the rivers; yea, we read of Aroerthat stood upon the brink of the river Arnon (Josh 13:9). Balaam also had his dwellingin his city Pethor, "by the river of the land of the children of his people"(Num 22:5). O! by a river side is the pleasantest dwelling in the world; and of allrivers, the river of the water of life is the best. They that dwell there "shallnot hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun smite them: for he that hathmercy on them shall lead them, even by the springs of water shall he guide them"(Isa 49:10). Trees planted by the rivers, and that spread out their roots by therivers, they are the flourishing trees, they bring forth their fruit in their season(Psa 1:3; Jer 17:8). And the promise is that men that take up their dwellings bythis river of water of life, shall be fruitful as such trees.

If thou art a Christian, thou hast more than an ordinary call and occasion to abideby these waters; thy things will not grow but by these waters. Weeds and the excellenciesof most men we may find in the barren wilderness, they grow under every hedge; butthine are garden, and so choice things, and will not thrive without much water, no,without the water of God's river. Dwell, therefore, here; that thy soul may be asa watered garden (Jer 31:12; Isa 12:1-3). And when thou seest how those that areloath to die,[19] make provision at Tunbridge, Epsom, the Bath, and other places,and what houses they get that they may have their dwellings by those waters, thendo thou consider of thy spiritual disease, and how nothing can cure thee but thisblessed water of life; be also much of desires to have a dwelling-place in Jerusalem,that thou mayest always be nigh to these waters. Be often also in watering thy plantswith these waters. I mean the blessed graces of God in thy soul; then shalt thougrow, and retain thy greenness, and prove thyself to be a disciple indeed. And hereinis God, and thy Father, glorified, that thou bear much fruit (John 15:8).

THIRD. My third word is, bless God for providing for man such waters. These onlycan make us live; all others come out of the Dead Sea, and do kill; there is no livingwater but this. I say, show thy acceptation of it with thanksgiving; if we are notto receive our bread and cheese but with thanksgiving, how should we bless God forthis unspeakable gift! (2 Cor 9:15). This is soul life, life against sin, life fromsin, life against the curse, life from the curse, life beyond hell, beyond desert,beyond thought, beyond desires. Life that is pleasing, life that is profitable, lifeeverlasting.

O my brethren, bless God! who doth good and gives us such rain, filling our heartswith food and gladness.[20] When Moses would take the heart of Israel, and took inhand to raise up their spirits to thankfulness, he used to tell them that the landthat they were to go to was a land that God cared for, and that was watered withthe dew of heaven. Yea, "a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depthsthat spring out of valleys and hills; a land that flowed with milk and honey, whichis the glory of all lands" (Deut 8:7; Exo 3:8, 13:5; Lev 20:24; Num 14:8). Butyet in his description he makes no mention of a river of water of life; a river thestreams whereof make glad the city of God.

This river is the running out of God's heart; the letting out of his very bowels,for God is the living God. This is his heart and soul. "Yea, I will rejoiceover them to do them good, and I will plant them in this land assuredly, with mywhole heart, and with my whole soul" (Jer 32:41). I say, if ever God's heartand soul appeared, it showed itself in giving this water of life, and the thronefrom whence it proceeds. Wherefore [there is] all the reason of the world, that inthe reception of it thy heart and soul should run out and flow after him in thanksgiving.See how David words it in Psalm 103:1-5, and do likewise.

FOURTH. By the characters that are given of this water of life, thou art capacitatedto judge when a notion, a doctrine, an opinion, comes to thine ears, whether it isright, good, and wholesome, or how. This river is pure, is clear, is pure and clearas crystal. Is the doctrine offered unto thee so? or is it muddy, and mixed withthe doctrines of men? Look, man, and see if the foot of the worshippers of Bel benot there, and if the waters be not fouled thereby. What water is fouled is not thewater of life, or at least not the water of life in it's clearness. Wherefore, ifthou findest it not right, go up higher to the spring-head, for always the nearerto the spring, the more pure and clear is the water. Fetch, then, thy doctrine fromafar, if thou canst not have it good nearer hand (Job 36:3). Thy life lies at stake;the counterfeit of things is dangerous; everybody that is aware, is afraid thereof.Now a counterfeit here is most dangerous, is most destructive. Wherefore take heedhow you hear, what you hear; for, as I said before of the fish, by your colour itwill be seen what waters you swim in; wherefore look you well to yourselves.[21]

FIFTH. Doth this water of life run like a river, like a broad, full, and deep river;then let no man, be his transgressions never so many, fear at all, but there is enoughto save his soul, and to spare. Nothing has been more common to many than to doubtof the grace of God; a thing most unbecoming a sinner of any thing in the world.To break the law is a fact foul enough; but to question the sufficiency of the graceof God to save therefrom, is worse than sin, if worse can be. Wherefore, despairingsoul, for it is to thee I speak, forbear thy mistrusts, cast off thy slavish fears,hang thy misgivings as to this upon the hedge; and believe thou hast an invitationsufficient thereto, a river is before thy face. And as for thy want of goodness andworks, let that by no means daunt thee; this is a river of water of life, streamsof grace and mercy. There is, as I said, enough therein to help thee, for grace bringsall that is wanting to the soul. Thou, therefore, hast nothing to do, I mean as tothe curing of thy soul of it's doubts, and fears, and despairing thoughts, but todrink and live for ever.

SIXTH. But what is all this to the DEAD world—to them that love to be dead? Theytoss their vanities about as the boys toss their shuttlecocks in the air, till theirfoot slips, and themselves descend into the pit.

Let this suffice for this time.


FOOTNOTES:

[1] As God gave us existence, so, in his munificence and royal bounty, he gives ushis rich grace. We have nothing to give in return but grateful love. He redeems usfrom the captivity of sin, and earth, and hell. "Every beast of the forest ismine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills: the world is mine, saith the Almighty,with the fulness thereof." O to grace how great a debtor; freely bestowed tothe poor and needy.—Ed.

[2] Water is a curse, as in the dropsy, but essential to life with our food. Oilis valuable, properly taken, but an irritating oil to consume the bones is destructive.How awful the case of the rich man when refused a drop of water to cool that firewhich he had created while living, and into which he had irretrievably plunged himself.—Ed.

[3] Reliance upon an imperfect obedience to God's holy law, united with a hope, throughChrist or some other means, of forgiveness for not having kept some parts of thatlaw, is "the doctrine of the world," and of devils. It is a refuge of lies,which death will fearfully sweep away. We must rely wholly upon Christ, or perish.—Ed.

[4] Aquae Vitae was a cordial-water well known in Bunyan's time, and much used incompounding medicines, but now almost forgotten. It was distilled from brewed beer,strongly hopped, and well fermented. The French have an intoxicating liquour calledeau de vie; this is distilled from the refuse of the grapes after the wine is made.—Ed.

[5] Although all mankind are fatally diseased, they only feel it that are made sickof sin; this is the law work, and when it takes place, then comes the new birth andsalvation by the efficacy of this water of life.—Ed.

[6] A RIVER inexhaustible, to supply the pure and unmixed joys of heaven to all themyriads of happy glorified souls, and applied by the Spirit of grace to quench thethirst of the soul on earth. This grace is fixed and permanent, "springing upinto everlasting life." Blessed Jesus, "give me this water, that I thirstnot ever."—Ed.

[7] This water of life is as essential to the spiritual- mindedness of the soul,as natural water is to the life of a fish. The grace of God is the element in whichonly the renewed soul can live and enjoy a little of that heaven into which, as anocean of bliss, this river carries him.—Ed.

[8] Those that are satisfied with the world, and it's enjoyments, and seek not forhappiness in the favour of God; those that depend on the merit of their own worksfor a righteousness; these do not thirst—they have no sense of their need, and willnot condescend to come to THE FOUNTAIN.—Ed.

[9] The rain is taken from the sea by water-spouts or in vapour; it is wonderfullydistilled, and descends upon the earth in fertilizing showers which supply the rivers.In proportion to the rain or melting of the snow, is the quantity of water in therivers. Bunyan was taught all this phenomena of nature, by a single verse in theinspired volume which he quotes. How wonderful is that Book!— Ed.

[10] This is a most astonishing natural phenomenon: that such a river as the Thames,receiving constantly all the filth of a vast metropolis, containing more than twomillions of inhabitants, buries it all, and yet purifieth itself.—Ed.

[11] Light bread is an allusion to Numbers 21:5: "our soul loatheth this lightbread." The heavenly manna, like Christ, is despised and rejected of man.—Ed.

[12] By "the text," in this and other places, is meant the text of sacredScripture; not the particular passage, or text, on which this treatise is founded.—Ed.

[13] The solemn silence, and the sound of the trumpet, took place in quick successionwhen the medium of prayer and praise, from fallen man, was first exhibited in heaven.When Christ was revealed to John, as the throne upon which God received the prayersof all his saints, awe, and wonder, and silence, was felt in heaven for the spaceof half an hour; then came the sound of the trumpet with dire events to those whohad refused to pray in the name of Christ.—Ed.

[14] Thus the Spirit of God in regeneration produces light out of darkness, makesthe barren heart fruitful, and from confusion, discord, and enmity, brings order,harmony, and tranquility. The renewed man is actuated by new hopes and fears; hisjudgment is enlightened, his will rectified, and his heart transformed; his eyesbeing divinely opened he sees into eternity; he has a hope full of immortality; spiritualappetites are excited in his soul; his affections are raised to God and heaven; hissoul thirsteth for God, for the living God! Thus the Spirit giveth life to the dead,eyes to the blind, speech to the dumb, feet to the lame, and the hand of faith tolay hold on Christ for complete salvation.—Mason.

[15] This is an excellent commentary upon that part of the Pilgrim's Progress whichdescribes Christiana and her company at the foot of the hill Difficulty. Greatheartpoints out the spring at which Christian was refreshed before he began the arduousascent which led him, in defiance of a persecuting world, to join in church fellowship,allegorically represented by the house Beautiful—"When Christian drank it wasclear and good, but now it is dirty; and with the feet of some that are not desirousthat pilgrims should here quench their thirst." After the writing of the firstpart, and before that of the second, the Act of Uniformity had spread it's balefulinfluence over England. To use Bunyan's words—"The Romish beasts have corruptedthe doctrine by treading it down with their feet, and have muddied this water withtheir own dirt and filthiness."—See Holy City.—Ed.

[16] "Shuck," to shake; obsolete as a verb, but retained as a noun to designatethe pea-shell, after the peas have been shook out.—Ed.

[17] Probatum est—is proved—a scrap of Latin commonly used in advertising medicalprescriptions, in Bunyan's time.—Ed.

[18] A Protestant can have but little idea of the insane superstition of the Papistsin respect to holy water. The following lines, from Barnaby Googe's Popish Kingdome,will shed a little light upon it:—

"Besides, they do beleeue their sinnes to be forgiven quight,
By taking holy water here, whereof if there do light
But one small drop, it driueth out the hellishe deuils all
Then which there can no greater griefe vnto the feend befall."
—4to. 1570, p. 42. In the Editor's library.—Ed.

[19] The infatuation, nay, madness of human nature, in it's fallen state, is shownby living to hasten the inroads of death; and when he appears, terror-stricken theyfly from it to any remedy that is within their reach. How vast the number of suicidesby intemperance!—Ed.

[20] The real Christian, and such only, are in this blessed case; they have the promiseof the life that now is, as well as of that which is to come. Their Father, the Almighty,supplies all their wants; giving joy and peace, when heart and flesh tremble.—Ed.

[21] In proportion to the number of professed Christians who thus obey the gospelby judging for themselves, so will be the happiness of the church, and the hasteningon of the kingdom of Christ. No one is a Christian that receives his doctrine froma prelate, priest, or minister, without prayerfully comparing it with the writtenWord. O man, take not the water of life as doled out by a fellow-man; go to the riverfor yourself—survey yourself as reflected in those crystal streams. Christ does notsay to the heavy- laden, sin-burdened soul, Go to the church; but, Come unto me,and find rest. Blessed is he who loves the river of water unpolluted by human devices,forms, or ceremonies; who flies to the open bosom of his Christ, and finds refugefrom every storm.—Ed.